Christian Churches of God

[170]

第四诫命在史上守安息日 上帝教会中的角色

(版本 2。0 19960622-20000122-20090128)
过去两个世纪的守安息日教会便利地假设基督教的中心主题和鉴别标志是安息日,而史上的这些教会皆因遵守安息日而受到迫害。这立场充其量只是部分正确;在最坏的情况下,它隐藏了上帝的教会被迫害之真正信仰基本层面以及形成选民标志的其他层面。这篇文章显示,实际上有一系列的标志可鉴别选民;它们被用来隔离选民,并将他们从被通称为异端审理期间的社会中选取出来。
Christian Churches of God
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(版权所有 © 1996,2000, 2009 Wade Cox)
(译2009)

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第四诫命在史上守安息日 上帝教会中的角色

导言

 

守安息日教会的一般分布 (No.122)一文展示了史上有连串不断的守安息日教会, 或多或小继续反对主流教会系统以及被它所迫害。过去两个世纪的守安息日教会便利地假设基督教的中心主题和鉴别标志是安息日,而整个历史上的这些教会皆因遵守安息日而受到迫害。这立场充其量只是部分正确;在最坏的情况下,它隐藏了上帝的教会被迫害之真正信仰基本层面以及形成选民标志的其他层面。这篇文章显示,实际上有一系列的标志可鉴别选民;它们被用来隔离选民,并将他们从被通称为异端审理期间的社会中选取出来。主流东正教系统利用这信仰的很多鉴别标志来搜集资料和证据对付选民,以便毁灭他们。

 

第二十世纪之上帝的教会犯下一项基本的错误,假设他们所理解的比早先纪元的教会来得更好和更完整。这实际上被证明为较后日子教会的毁灭,并源自他们对较早教会的学说以及他们信仰学说之应用的无知。实际上较后的纪元展示了撒狄和老底嘉系统的所有特征(启示录 3:1-6,14-22)。 随着这无知出现了一个真正的非拉铁非系统(启示录 3:7-13),其力量虽小但忠于上帝的诫命和耶稣基督的证词(启示录 12:17; 14:12)。

 

圣经对选民的标志是怎么说,而安息日在鉴别过程方面所扮演的又是什么角色呢?

 

安息日为教会的标志之一

 

安息日是第四个诫命。律法与第四诫(No.256)对它作了深入探讨;也见安息日(No.31)。 它在出埃及记20:8,10,11;以及申命记5:12中可见。

安息日被列为上帝人民的一个标志。它是我们和使我们圣洁的上帝之间的一个标志。

出埃及记31:12-1431:12耶和华晓谕摩西说、31:13你要吩咐以色列人说、你们务要守我的安息日、因为这是你我之间世世代代的证据、使你们知道我耶和华是叫你们成为圣的。31:14所以你们要守安息日、以为圣日、凡干犯这日的、必要把他治死.凡在这日作工的、必从民中剪除。(英王钦定本)

它经常以及错误地被假设这里所指的安息日只是每周单数安息日的复数。这是不正确的。安息日扩大至被列为上帝安息日圣日的整个敬拜范围。

安息日非教会的专有标志。它也是未被召唤进入教会缔约人民的标志。若它是选民的标志,那犹太教将是第一次复活的一部分,而它并不是。

选民的其他标志

第二个标志是逾越节和除酵节。

出埃及记13:9-16 13:9这要在你手上作记号、在你额上作记念、使耶和华的律法常在你口中、因为耶和华曾用大能的手将你从埃及领出来。13:10所以你每年要按着日期守这例。13:11将来耶和华照他向你和你祖宗所起的誓、将你领进迦南人之地、把这地赐给你、13:12那时你要将一切头生的、并牲畜中头生的、归给耶和华.公的都要属耶和华。13:13凡头生的驴、你要用羊羔代赎、若不代赎、就要打折他的颈项.凡你儿子中头生的都要赎出来。13:14日后、你的儿子问你说、这是甚么意思、你就说、耶和华用大能的手将我们从埃及为奴之家领出来。13:15那时法老几乎不容我们去、耶和华就把埃及地所有头生的、无论是人是牲畜、都杀了、因此我把一切头生的公牲畜献给耶和华为祭、但将头生的儿子都赎出来。13:16这要在你手上作记号、在你额上作经文、因为耶和华用大能的手将我们从埃及领出来。(英王钦定本)

逾越节和除酵节是缔约人民的第二个标志。第四诫命的这项延伸(如我们在以上所见)是要在我们的行动(手)以及我们的心(前额、双眼之间)标记上帝的律法。它是主的律法之标志(申命记 6:8)以及他对以色列的救赎(申命记 6:10)。从新约,这地位扩展至基督中的异教徒(罗马书 9:6; 11:25-26)。第二十世纪之上帝的教会对逾越节的理解有着严重的错误。它被相当错误地假设是犹太人弄错了,而逾越节应是在尼散月的第十四晚,须谨守的一夜是在第十五晚,而这一晚被犹太人误称为逾越节。这受到详细的探讨,而它所根据假前提的整个结构在逾越节(No.98)一文附录中也受到探讨。

这些律法的标志,安息日和逾越节是特为防卫邪神崇拜而设(申命记 11:6)。这两个标志是在主的选民手上和额上的印章。有了圣灵,他们形成最后日子启示录7:3中受印的基础。选民的标志因此集中在第一个诫命。基督说:当拜主你的 神、单要崇拜(或事奉)他(马太福音 4:10; 路加福音4:8)。在圣经术语上,事奉为崇拜。

赎罪日为缔约人民的另一个标志。无法守赎罪日一个人将受惩罚从他的人民中移除;换句话说,从以色列约的身体即教会中移除(利未记 23:29)。

缔约人民的最初和主要标志是割礼(创世纪17:14)。这被移除至洗礼状况(参考文章忏悔与洗礼(No.152))。

 

圣灵中的洗礼是选民通过耶稣基督的血进入这一个身体的主要标志 (马太福音 28:19; 使徒行传1:5; 11:16; 罗马书 6:3; 歌林多前书 12:13; 希伯来书 9:11-28)。

 

教会的普通学说立场

 

选民的普通立场可从最早的时代中看到。我们可以最接近使徒约翰的情形,是通过波利卡普和爱任纽的作品。最早的观点是,圣经和新约教会对神性有一个已保持一贯大约两千年的独特观点。

 

他们信仰的中心是他们对神的学说。安息日、月塑和节期是崇拜这神的特殊 层面。这也有在相当广泛或一般基础上对食物律法的遵循作伴(也见文章食物律法(No.15))。因此,安息日和所有从它而来的,是崇拜唯一真神的标志(约翰福音17:3)。这神, 伊罗亚,是旧约所启示,犹大所崇拜的同一个神。对早期教会而言,圣经是新约所翻译和解释的旧约(见文章圣经(No.164))。早期教会关于神的学说在关于神性的早期神学(No.127)以及关于不朽(No.165)基督的神性(No.147)第一诫:撒旦的罪(No.153) 以及与父同体(No.81)文中作了探讨。

 

普通学说的圣经基础

 

普通学说的圣经基础是集中在第一和大诫命中(比较文章第一大诫命(No.252)。 这样我们看到第四诫命只是一个更大结构的第四面。安息日和圣日依次是第四诫命的基础,并与其他诫命相互关连。这在基督教的信仰宣言(No.A1)中作了探讨。

 

教会专心致志于出埃及记20:1-17 和申命记5:6-21中所列十诫的遵守:

 

第一诫命是:

我是耶和华你的神,曾将你从埃及地为奴之家领出来。除了我以外,你不可有别的神。

 

父神是唯一的真神(约翰福音17:3),因此没有在他之前或与他同等的伊罗兴。崇拜或对任何其他个体包括耶稣基督祈祷是不被允许的。。

 

第二诫命是:

不可为自己雕刻偶像,也不可作什么形像仿佛上天,下地,和地底下,水中的百物。不可跪拜那些像,也不可事奉它,因为我耶和华你的神是忌邪的神。恨我的,我必追讨他的罪,自父及子,直到三四代,爱我,守我诫命的,我必向他们发慈爱,直到千代。

 

因此制造偶像或任何东西的相似物以用在宗教崇拜或象征主义上,是不受允许的。十字架因此被禁在教会用作象征。这些诫命本身构成辩认宗教系统的一部分,因此全都是确立的。

 

第三诫命是:

不可妄称耶和华你神的名,因为妄称耶和华名的,耶和华必不以他为无罪。

 

主上帝的名授权威,因此他的律法不只处理简单的亵渎,也扩展至教会权威的滥用以及寻些声称通过耶稣基督在上帝指示下行动者。

 

第四诫命是:

当记念安息日,守为圣日。六日要劳碌作你一切的工,但第七日是向耶和华你神当守的安息日。这一日你和你的儿女,仆婢,牲畜,并你城里寄居的客旅,无论何工都不可作,因为六日之内,耶和华造天,地,海,和其中的万物,第七日便安息,所以耶和华赐福与安息日,定为圣日。

 

因此第七日安息日对这信仰是强制性的。没有基督徒可以事奉上帝而无法尊敬在现在的历法中称为星期六的安息日。设立另一个崇拜日而非第七日不只违背这了这条诫命,它本身也因处于上帝的明确意旨之外而成为一个偶像崇拜的象征。这是一项不服从的行兴,因此等于魔法(撒母耳记上15:23)。与确立第四诫命的第二诫命有关,它成为偶像崇拜。制定一个以轮流基础调整星期的历法,也有同样的结果。

 

这首四个诫命决定了人对上帝的关系,并在第一及主要的律法之首下被确定,即:

你要尽心、尽性、尽意、(尽力马可福音12:30)爱主你的神。这是诫命中的第一、且是最大的(马太福音 22:37-38)

 

与上帝绝对认同来自对这些诫命的忠实坚守以及避免任何可防害它们的行动。

 

第四诫因此是一个四个的系列,为第一大诫命的整体。因此,从耶稣基督的口中,父神是这信仰的中枢、点要点和最终的对象(马太福音 22:37-38; 马可福音12:30; 启示录 1:8)。对唯一真神和他所派遣的儿子耶稣基督的认识,对永生的获得是主要的(约翰福音17:3;约翰一书5:20)。第四诫本身因此不是一个结束,而是选民以及他们顺从上帝事实的一个主要指标。

 

第四诫伸展至包括圣经中敬拜月塑、节期和圣日,以及什一税的整个系统(参考文章什一税(No.161)),它与首生系统和约的收成有关(也见文章神的约(No.152))。

 

我们已看到月塑对上帝历法的影响(见文章上帝的历法(No.156))。月塑和节期并合构成上帝政府的结构。古犹太最高评义会,如实体的神殿和它的祭司一样,是这天上系统的倒影(希伯来书8:5)。无论如何,我们有一个那些事奉帐棚(或实体结构)者无权同吃的祭坛(希伯来书13:10)。因此,我们没有永久的实体城市但寻求将至来的城市。与祭品在城外焚烧一样,基督是在城外献祭,因此我们往营外承受他所忍受的类似虐待(希伯来书13:12-13)。

 

因此我们看向我们过去兄弟的例子,看他们忍受的以及他们被惩罚的原因。若我们可从主流系统的宣传分出事实,早期的教会学说被视为是相当一致的。

 

这些特殊因素在早期教会学说中的应用

 

早期教会全是一神论的。诺斯替教徒和形态论者不被视为教会一部分。没有任何证据可证明基督或使徒们或他们的门徒曾是二元论或三位一体论者。not 的确,有明显的证据显示三位一体学说是从第四世纪所谓的基督徒衍生的二元论发展而来。三位一体的立场–以及它的不连贯前者二元论-一直到这时期,或确实一直到大约十一世纪后的革新时期为止,不曾为守安息日的教会所信。二元论,实际上来自形态论,即罗马中阿迪斯神崇拜者的学说(见文章圣诞节和复活节的起源(No.235))。

 

来自历史和教会迫害的证据

 

早期的教会

 

我们从爱任纽的著作(以及他的前任者波利卡普)中知道,他和他的教会在中心方面都是一神论者,而他们相信基督被委为伊罗兴,而选民将成为伊罗兴,如基督与上帝一样。他们相信只有上帝永远存在,而没有任何东西是与他本身同时代的。这来自撒迦利亚书12:8并在驳斥异端学说中可见。

 

关于上帝,爱任纽(驳斥异端学说, III, viii, 3)说:

他命令,而他们被创造了。他说话而他们被造成了。他是指令谁呢?无疑的,是道,他说,诸天借耶和华的命而造、万象借他口中的气而成。[诗篇33:6]。

 

爱任纽认为:

…明显地证明行知或使徒都称他者为神,或称(他)主,除了真正和唯一的神……. 但所确立的东西都与确立它们的他,以及从制造他们的他所制造的截然不同。因他是自存的,没有开始和结束,并无所缺。他本身已足够为本身;而仍更进一步的,他准予所有他人这非常之物,存在;除了他所制造的东西以外 (如上)。

 

爱任纽将这里的圣子的能力扩展至成为神(神或伊罗兴),与所确立的其他东西截然不同(如上)。他在书III,章vi中确立了神和儿子以及那些被收养者为伊罗兴以及上帝的所有儿子之地位。

 

因此,主,或圣灵,或使徒,都不曾被称为神,肯定并绝对的,他那不是神者,除非他是真正的神;或称任何人为主、除了支配一切的父神,以及从他的父对万物取得统治权的儿子他们儿子,如这段文所说:耶和华对我主说、你坐你坐在我的右边、等我使你仇敌作你的脚凳。[诗篇110:1]。这里[经文] 代表父对子说话;他那给他异教的继承权,以及以及使他所有的知人屈服于 他者。

 

爱任纽继续说,圣灵在这里将父和父称为主。他说,在所多玛人被消灭之前基督是与亚伯拉罕说话者,并[从上帝]取得审判所多玛人的邪恶之权力。而这[随着的经文]:

…宣布了真正的事实:“神阿、你的宝座是永永远远的.你的国权是正直的。你喜爱公义、恨恶罪恶.所以 神、就是你的 神、用喜乐油膏你、胜过膏你的同伴。”[诗篇45:6]灵称两者[他们]为神[神或伊罗兴]-他被涂膏为子和他那涂膏者,即父。再次的“神站在有权力者的会中.在诸神中行审判.” [诗篇82:1]。 他[这里]提的是父和子以及那些已被收养的;但这些是教会,因她是神的会堂,神-即儿子-本身已集合,他再次提到他说:“大能者神耶和华、已经发言招呼天下。”[诗篇50:1]。所说的神是谁?关于他,他说,“我们的神要来、决不闭口。[诗篇50:3]即,那前来显示给人类的,他说, “没有寻找我的、我叫他们遇见.”[以赛亚书65:1]。但关于什么神[他说]? [那些] 他对他们说, “我曾说、你们是神、都是至高者的儿子。” [诗篇82:6]。对于这些,无疑的,那已接受恩惠“所受的乃是儿子的心、因此我们呼叫阿爸、父。” [罗马书 8:15] (驳斥异端学说, 书III,章vi, 前尼西亚教父,卷I,页418-419)。

 

无疑爱任纽对神性有从属主义的观点,并伸展神这名称次( 神或伊罗兴)至包括儿子以及那些被收养的。这或至少来自撒迦利亚书12:8。他似乎在此显示基督集合了选民,而我们从经文中知道上帝是将选民交给基督以便集合他们(约翰福音17:11-12; 希伯来书 2:13; 9:15)。基于爱任纽在此的应用,这术语专门使用在实体选民上或是错误的。从对启示录4和5的理解,忠诚的万军也包括在这议会中。因此,忠诚的万军也是上帝的会众。

 

这些立场在文章关于神性的早期神学(No.127) 和关于不朽(No.165)中作了探讨。 理解灵的不朽之学说被视为是一个无神论和亵渎的学说,也是重要的。这观点被坚持的程度,达到即使在星期日礼拜开始在早至公元150年侵入教会时,从殉教者游斯丁的证据,我们仍看到神性和复活学说仍是中心和不受干扰。因此,安息日是在最早阶段神性和复活之前被否定的。这后来被翻转至较后的立场,即神性在安息日和圣灵论的立场之前被非议。

 

安德斯尼格仁(爱筵和厄洛斯,译.菲立普S.沃申,哈珀丛书, 纽约, 1969) 理解教  会中永生的概念而说:

古代教会对复活的信仰与希腊主义最为不同。基督教传统确认‘肉体的复活’,而护教论者反对犹太主义的‘不朽灵’学说。这项对立面是有意识和故意的,因为早期的基督徒不曾对犹太主义精神是有这么大的反对。柏拉图的、犹太的不朽圣灵论对护教论者似是一个无神论和亵渎神明的学说,是他们必须首先攻击和消灭的(游斯丁,对话 lxxx.3-4)

 

他们在这方面的格言可能是他提安的话:’希腊人啊,灵本身非不朽,而是必死的。但它仍可能不死。’ (他提安Oratio ad Graecos, xiii。 1)。

 

基督教和非基督教之间在这方面的差异大致对‘肉体复活’的信仰可成为一项口令。那相信‘不朽灵’者因此显示他不是一名基督徒。如游斯丁所说:’若你遇到那被称为基督徒的…..而他说没有死者复活,而他们的灵魂,当他们死时,被带到天上;勿相信他们是基督徒’ (对话 lxxx 4) (如上, 页280-281)。

 

因此,教会否定灵的不朽-他们是绝对的一神论从属主义者。若当时三位一体论已存在,他们不但会拒绝它,他们或也已将任何鼓吹这学说或任何明显的二元论逐出诺斯替教的圈子。无论如何,这教会是非常宽大的,它认为异端学说的被允许是为显示教会中谁得到上帝的承认(歌林多前书 11:19)。他们通过研究 做到这一点(提摩太后书 2:15,见英王钦定本; 修订标准圣经 说,尽你的能力)。

 

他们也主张旧经是经文,而新约是对这经文的解释。他们遵守月塑和节期,而我们看到逾越节在第二世纪,当复活节系统被推介以及开始在被称为十四日节纷争中取代逾越节时产生争论 (见文章逾越节(No.98)十四日节纷争(No.277))。

 

教会开始被迫害,而它变成大部分在罗马帝国外面。因此,它是在东正教会的范畴之外,一直到阿里乌斯派教徒的逐步皈依,它持续到第八世纪以及从公元590年神圣罗马帝国的建立起。对这信仰的迫害持续了一段时期,它包括从590年至1850年神圣罗马帝国权力和统治时期(见文章守安息日教人的一般分布(No.122))。

 

美国的基督复临论和在美国的上帝的教会在过去二个世纪误用了神圣罗马帝国和时间,时期及半时或1,260日的预言。这项误解主要是因为对欧洲历史无知和自我实现的假预言。这项严重的错误对1842-44年降临运动的假预言有显著的影响。这后来导致另一个称为降临前审判的假学说(见文章降临前的审判(No.176))。

 

异端审理

 

从异端审理的证据,我们知道教会在它散布各阶段中的学说是什么。

 

我们可以肯定知道教会在它不同的地点被天主教系统给予各种不同的名称,以便掩饰它传播广泛的和结构统一的学说。不过,上帝教会的组织对其政府和它的重点有不同的意见(例如西方韦尔多教派中的长老制)。我们知道它被称为卡特卡特里派,因此在英文中清教徒。它也被称为保加利亚派、哈扎派、瓦仁斯派、阿比尔派、韦尔多派、撒巴达派、撒巴达里耶拉、因撒巴达人、巴撒基尼阿那派等等。撒巴达里耶拉派似是一个造句,意为阿里乌斯派守安息日者。

 

我们知道观点的普通性一般上被理解并在本土语言中反映出来。例如,英文中的术语可怜的(poor bugger是用来对一个经历审讯或折磨的不幸者表达同情 的普通措辞。现代美国人甚至是澳洲人经常对这感到混淆,因为鸡奸者和鸡奸(buggerbuggery) 具有关于到鸡奸的特别法律意义。不过,这术语有另一个意思,它显示在异端审理期间对选民的应用。牛津世界辞典指这术语是源自法文bougre 和拉丁文Bulgarus 或保加利亚人,或异教徒(也或者高利贷者) 的中世纪英语。它被指是指异教徒,特别用在陛比尔教派身上。这是它的第一个意义。第二个关系到鸡奸的轻蔑意义是来自1555年的较后术语,似用来诋毁被迫害了大约三个世纪的派系。用在阿比尔派教徒身上的Pauvre bougre 或poor bulgar 变成英文中的poor booger。1505年左右北英语中bogle 或boggle的使用语源不明,但变成与幻影有关,从那时起成为魔鬼的一个准-正确名称(因此,可怕的人等)。Poor bugger术语肯定源自阿比尔派宗教战争。不过,一个人可说巴加利亚人与阿比尔派有什么关系呢?答案是简单的。上帝的教会在被称为别迦摩的纪元(启示录 2:12及其后)称为保罗林派的支流在康斯坦丁卡波罗尼默斯和约翰西米格斯下的重新移置中进入欧洲(见文章守安息日教会的一般分布(No.122))。色雷斯的这些重新移置伸展进入保加利亚,特别是在波斯尼亚的南部斯拉夫人也进入匈牙利和罗马尼亚。他们伸展入西部,从第十五世纪起,与称为瓦仁斯派或韦尔多派的撒巴达派残余份子联系起来。我们可以相当肯定他们从第十三世纪起学说的内容,而且我们可绝对肯定东方的支流,特别是匈牙利和罗马尼亚从第十五至第十九世纪的学说是什么。。

 

阿比尔派的宗教战争

 

守安息日教会的一般分布(No.122)描述了第十三世纪阿比尔宗教战争的进行。这些集团无疑的是守安息日者。罗马天主教会要掩饰这事实的希望,导致一些对撒巴达名称语源的非凡索取。不过,我们也知道他们是一神论派。他们被记录为在934年之前尚存,当他们被维鲁里的阿多主教所控诉,如他之前的他者一样。

 

他们先是于1179年在达文特里的雷蒙谴责他们时被称为瓦仁斯人。他们的长老或barbes(叔伯),雷蒙的柏纳和白米亚的雷蒙于1179年在拉特兰议会前被达文特里的雷蒙责难为异教徒,不因他们守安息日而因他们是一神论派。梵格的伯纳在1180年针对他们而写的论述在它的题目是用了瓦仁斯派的名称,即Adversus Vallenses et Arianos。因此他们是从属主义非三位一体论者。这篇1180年的作品似已在这世纪消失,但在1190年由梵格的伯枘所写的作品Liber Contra Vallenses仍存在。这时代的瓦仁斯派似是一神论派,并被视为与阿里乌斯派截然不同。这是正确的观点,而且是上帝的教会将坚持的观点。根据天主教徒,阿里乌斯派被指视圣灵为子的一个创造,与圣经中的一神论不同。他们皆被天主教徒视为同样或类似的异教;这些天主教徒可能也发明灵由子所创造的学说,因为文中没有将这观点归因于阿里乌斯的真实记录 (也见文章阿里乌斯教和半阿里乌斯教(No.167)以及索齐尼教、阿里乌斯教和唯一神教(No.185))。

 

阿尔比教派不只是瓦仁斯的一个支流。阿尔比教派是在两个支派中,即瓦仁斯或韦尔多以及地方的卡特里派或清教派中。卡特里派基于诺斯替教的一种和摩尼教二元论,对善恶持有相当特别和异端的观点。除了别的之外,这项差别由雷罗恩弗特在他的论文(基督教宇宙二元论的历史研究,安德鲁斯大学)中作出(比较文章素食主义和圣经(No.183))。这信仰经常受到这二元趋向的攻击。在教会建立的地方,修道士等次中很多所谓的皈依者经常发展奇异的观点。保固米是一个例子。在保固米和波斯尼亚人中,修道士禁欲主义伴同一个异教的二元论,并企图破坏这信仰的全体。较早的保罗林派支流中也出现错误。其中一个错误是从一神论观点发展而创立另一个有结构等次的麦基洗德派观点。麦基洗德被指是在他之下的天使中介,而基督是人类的中介。天主教的著作抓住这些当代的异教集团而将他们与当时的教会联系起。他们将这些错误的观点归因于教会,因此使真正的学说变得模糊了。

 

整个阿比尔宗教战争是在第十三世纪由罗马针对这两个基础而发。阿比尔派在图卢兹伯爵雷蒙之下,在法国南部得到保护。瓦仁斯或撒巴达派较大而且散布较广,并伸展进入西班牙。基于他们所蒙受的剧烈迫害,我们可以从西班牙的撒巴达支流中重建瓦仁斯的学说。

 

西班牙的异端审理

 

西班牙的异端审理旨在除去国内号称为犹太化基督徒者。这些被称为马拉诺人 (或)。从异端审理的术语和这些评论,我们知道他们不但遵守安息日,也拒绝三位一体,遵守圣日包括赎罪日和食物律法。信仰诏书显示鉴别异教徒的方法。犹太人和穆斯林也被困于这项迫害,但这项迫害非针对他们而是针对他们也称为撒巴达派、因撒巴达人或因撒巴迪人的上帝之教会。将韦尔多或因撒巴达派逐出西班牙的阿拉贡阿方斯王的诏令,在守安息日教会的一般分布(No.122)一文第20页中有列。

 

塞西尔罗斯在他的作品西班牙的异端审理(罗伯特哈尔有限公司,伦敦,1937)的序言中发出了一项警告,即历史重复本身,而这本书非为讽剌当时在欧洲所发生的事而著。犹太学者寻求将西班牙的异端审理发展为一种犹太迫害。这些扭曲中或最甚的,尽管这十分彻底,是最近B.尼坦雅胡的作品(第十五世纪西班牙异端审理的起源, 连登出版公司, 纽约, 1995)。尼坦雅胡企图说明读者这项审理的目标是犹太社会,而这是明显不正确的,而这些学士公然攻击这立场。当时的拉比们不含糊地说他们不是犹太人而是基督徒。他们不是化装为基督徒的犹太人。他们实际上是上帝的教会。

 

西班牙宗教法庭的审理委员人数基本上有十五人。他们在巴塞罗纳、科尔多瓦、昆卡、格兰纳达、罗格罗诺、勒拉纳、马德里、木尔西亚,圣地亚哥(所在地西班牙),塞维利亚、托莱多、巴伦西亚、巴利阿多利德和沙尔卡苏存在,并有着完整的官员和配备。 另一个为巴利阿里群岛而设的法庭是在马略卡岛的帕尔马。

 

较可怕及活跃的地区是马德里、塞维利亚和托莱多,因为有大批的新基督徒(罗斯这么提及他们), 最大的活动是在旧卡斯蒂利和安大路西亚,并在第一次狂热的爆发后减少,而最少的是在加泰罗尼亚(罗斯, 如上,  宗教法庭, 页73)。它最终于第十五世纪结束时在被称为La Suprema的中央议会El Consejo de la Suprema y General Inquisición的权威之下被调整, 初期只局限于卡斯蒂利。在费迪南和伊莎贝拉之下的四大国家理事会,即国家理事会、财务理事会、卡斯蒂利以及阿拉贡理事会,异端审理理事会的发生非皇家权力的最显著行使(罗斯, 如上,页74)。在1647,它关方面下令所有审理委员会的所有判决都呈交给以便 控制。这似乎基本本上是要抑制地方迫害难以形容的严重性。这严重性来自基 本理解错误。尼坦雅胡提及这项错误(第十五世纪西班牙异端审理的起源, 页440-459),所有意念上的错误被审判为异端思想,与奥古斯丁的声明我可以犯错但我不是一异教徒相反(De Trinitate, c, 3, n.5-6)。审理官胡安托尔克马达攻击托莱多的审讯,因为他们明显无规律和刻意非圣经反犹太主义。他视这事件与哈曼反末底改和犹太人处同一水平(如上, 页449)。他当时面对着瓦仁斯对上帝天性所持观点的问题。托莱多人人表明,如在其他方面可见到,作为一项公众知识(publica fama) (以及如我们将看到在巴伦西亚)这些异教徒, 实残割礼,否定了基督的真正神性,否定,此外,他的身体在圣餐中的存在,等。(如上, 页444)。根据托尔克马达, 托莱多人未显示皈仍者在接受洗礼后,不能通过他本身的自愿表白或无知见证者的声明说他相信除了母教会本身所相信之外的东西(比较尼坦雅胡, 页444)。 托尔克马达论这指责为捏造和恶毒的,本身显示整个审讯的无效性 (如上, 页445)。这为何应是这样的?我们肯定知道瓦仁斯派信奉一神论。其差别在于基督的从属神性方面。因此,基督的神性未被否定。但这里有其他问题。托尔克马达看到托莱多的审讯简直是反犹太教的,而且这种族歧视没有圣经根据。因此,他必须以最强烈的措辞抨击这项错误。这问题也在于这项审问扩展至这些皈依之第四代的事实。他从反三位一体论者其他分子的皈依,从他形容为波斯尼亚人中的摩尼教错之观点误攻击这项前提。他面对着神圣罗马帝国内皇室皈依的问题。托尔克马达说:

在我们本身的时代,有杰出的波兰王、现任国王的父亲与一大批贵族和无数的群众从异教皈依基督教[瓦拉迪斯罗二世,前杰基罗,立陶宛的大爵,在1386年为王时皈依。他是卡西米尔四世的父亲,他于1447年登基]。较后,在教皇尤金四世的时代,波斯尼亚国王,他的王后和很多其他贵族从摩尼教的错误皈依基督教[史提法努斯托马斯王在1445年皈依天主教]。此外,几乎是每天有很多马罕默德信徒被说服[关于基督教真理]。说这些人至少到第四代都必须因他们和他们的祖先在某个时候崇拜偶像和所犯的错误而受到怀疑,是一项大丑闻和令人无法忍受的亵渎行为(罗辑哲学论, 页54-55; 比较尼坦雅胡, 页452)。

 

托尔克马达针对波斯尼亚的保固米主义写了一本册子(Symbolum pro imformatione Manichaeorum, 编N罗伯兹马尔迪尼兹和V波阿诺吉尔, 1958,页23,注68以及尼坦雅胡, 注119)。这里我们看到摩尼教二元论混杂的影响,保罗林派已建立一神论信仰。教会在这时代被迫进入黑塞哥维那并继续进入北部(也见文章守安息日教会的一般分布 (No.122))。这问题是明显的,但对尼坦雅胡并非这样。到了第十五世纪,瓦仁斯被深深逐入地下,几乎被迫害明显灭绝。托莱多人变得很过份而且残暴,他们利过审理进行有系统的闪族消灭行动。这将破坏教会在巩固帝国方面所采取行动的地位。托尔克马达被迫限制这些过分行为,以使帝国内能达到一些稳定的交互作用,而那些成为皈依对象者可看到皈依的一些好处。各族歧视和审理的贪婪使这胡萝卜以及这扩展行动处理危险状况。托尔克马达够精明,知道历史的审判将是什么。因此他得抑制审理。结果,教会允许它持续另三个世纪对付这程序和存在性被否定的学说,最终毁掉它本身的力量(见玛拉基马丁罗马教会的败落和沦亡, 谢格和沃伯格,伦敦,页254 及其后)。

 

诏书的证据

 

一个地区审理的制定跟随诏书的程序。有关方面公布大赦令鼓励异教徒出来忏悔后,通常含盖大约三十或四十天(罗斯, 页75),然后审理将肃清这地区。这引发了一连吕的控告程序。下一个阶段是例常发表信仰的诏书,它协助鉴别得被公然抨击的异教徒的种类或指标。忏悔系统过执行了这项罪恶。

 

信仰的诏书是于1519年在巴伦西亚由驻巴伦西亚的审理官巴拉西奥的安德烈发出,并由罗斯公布。诏书列出了鉴别这批人的一系列事实和迷信概要。第一批是被指有所谓犹太化倾向的基督徒。第二批是犹太人本身,而第三批是穆斯林。诏书显示,异教已渗入教会本身,因在圣餐中所说的话被明确鉴别异教的指标。十字架、或十字架的标志也未被撒巴达人所使用。从对诏书的研究,这集团似乎否定灵和天堂及地狱的学说。他们遵守安息日,他们在安息日从星期五日落至星期六日落不做工。他们以苦香草庆祝除酵节和逾越节。他们在赎 罪日禁食(罗斯, 页77 及其后)。

 

犹太人的一般观点和惯例被包括在诏书所示的列表内,以使这些系统一起行,使它难于确切鉴别他们之间的差别。他们遵守食物律法,并根据犹太习俗埋葬死者。诏书包括很多归因于这些宗派的迷信(例如页78)。他们否定对圣母玛利亚的崇拜,这与犹太对弥赛亚的否定规为一体。

 

变形论学说被否定,天主教式的遍在学说,即柏拉图的万物有灵论也一样(页78)。祭司们似涉及并从献祭仪式被鉴别。遵守管制织品的律法,基督徒似穿著像犹太人(页79)。他们在屋子教会集合以及阅读本国的圣经。异教徒的财产被充公,这无疑助长了审理官的狂热。

 

罗斯记录里斯本办事处被改成歌剧院之前的开幕情况。目击者的描述(印于1821年的常年登记册中)无疑地显示,在迟至1809年仍被使用的地牢中发现人类遗体(从一地牢墙壁上的题字)。这些包括僧侣,他们的衣服在躺在地牢各层的人类和其他遗体中,以及在那里作出的旧的以及新近的谋杀行动证据中被发现(罗斯, 页84-85)。

 

逮捕和判决之间间隔三至四年,是普通的事,在一项被记录的案件中,有十四年流逝了。孕妇被拖至桩杆,而囚犯被虐待,或与他们的相互作用,导致希梅内斯红衣主教在1512以死刑威胁任何被发现与他们的囚犯私通的官员。监禁的费用得由被告承受,不管为时多久。其中一个费用的例子涉及西西里一名修女的四年钳闭,她在1703年被宣告无罪并被释放,但她的后裔迟至1872年仍还债 (罗斯, 页87)。一般上,资产在逮捕时已被充公。

 

马拉诺派或新的基督徒不能被接受为任何审讯的证人。第十三世纪推介了保留证人名字的决定,表面上是要保护弱者以免受有权势被告的欺负,但这成为一项规范,没有人能够找出他们原告的名字(罗斯正确地指出,即使到了1836,英国被控的重罪人不能有辩护律师或看到对他们所作的证言副本)。这些时代本身是野蛮的,而审理则是野蛮主义中最甚者。

 

欧洲的审理于第十三世纪在法国南部开始,并于1846年在教宗国结束。在1823和1846期间,光是在教宗国就有20万人被判死列、终身监禁、流放或到军舰,另有1百50万人被监视(引述见玛拉基马丁的罗马教会的败落和沦亡, 页254及文守安息日教会的一般分布 (No.122), 页29)。罗斯引述从第十三世纪开始法国南部个人的绝望。

我的主们,听我说!我不是异教的:因我有一个妻子并与她同居和有孩子; 我吃肉和说谎及诅咒并是一名忠实的基督徒(罗斯, 页90)。

 

这否定独身生活和素食苦行主义的原理是有必要的,因为通过苦行主义寻求净化的、称为卡特里或清教徒的摩尼教二元论者是一个异教宗派,他们最终使瓦仁斯或撒巴达人面对迫害。摩尼教二元论者与瓦仁斯派不同,而这是卡特-瓦仁斯的差别,受到韦伯的承认但不正确的鉴别。撒巴达派不断遵守圣经的律法。他们的崇拜是秘密进行的,因此难于精确鉴别。不过,我们从撒巴达派的东部支流我们知道他们遵守安息日,并鉴别他们崇拜的整个范围。

 

东欧的撒巴达派

 

我们确切知道匈牙利和特兰西瓦尼亚教会从第十五至第十九世纪的学说是什么。这项纪录由匈牙利,布达佩斯的首席拉比撒姆柯恩保存在DIE SABBATHARIER IN SIEBENBURGEN Ihre Geschicte, Literatur, und Dogmatik, 布达佩斯, 维拉文辛格及瓦尔弗, 1894,莱比锡 ,维拉文法兰兹瓦格纳中。这些要点列在守安息日教会的一般分布 (No.122)中,页22 及其后)。整个结构列在这本书中:特兰西瓦尼亚的守安息日者, 撒姆柯恩,译T.麦艾尔温及B.鲁格, 编W.戈斯,上帝的基督教会 出版社,美国1998。

 

我们确定知道这瓦仁斯或撒巴达流派是一神论派,因法兰西丝大卫或大卫迪斯于1579年在监狱中去世。柯恩说,他们恢复了原有和真正的基督教(柯恩, 页8)。一神论教会于1579年分裂为星期日和安息日崇拜者。在伊奥西下的安息日流派是较忠于教会者。

 

1。他们实行成人受洗。

2。他们守安息日和圣日,包括逾越节、除酵节、圣灵降临节、赎罪日、住棚节和最后的大日子,而最重要的是月塑。号角节未在赞美诗中被分开列出,并似以月塑的赞美诗来赞美。

3。他们的学说包括一千年的实体千禧年,基督将在它开始时返回并重新召集犹大和以色列人。

4。他们使用以月塑为根据的上帝之历法。

5。他们教导有两次复活,一是在基督前来时的永生,以及另一次是在千禧年结束时的审判 。

6。 他们教导因惠典得救,但律法仍得遵守。

7。 他们相信上帝召唤人民,而这世界一般上是盲目的。

8。 他们的基督学说绝对是从属说一神论。

(见文章守安息日教会的一般分布 (No.122), 页22)。

 

因此可见早期的安息日教会是一神论派,遵守着旧约律法。安息日只是他们信仰系统的一个层面,指向唯一真神的崇拜。他们因他们的一神论而非因遵守安息日而在东欧受到迫害(法兰西丝大卫迪斯选择留在狱中而不放弃一神论信仰,即使本身是一神论者的索齐尼设法劝说他改变他坚定的一神论说以拯救自己的生命;他在狱中死去)。他们被拒绝一个教会的地位,甚至是在犹太人也被赐予这地位时。他们得不到进入印刷社的途径,因此以手转连锁信方式进行他们的布道。这审理在压制这个系统方面是残忍的,而且在西方,守安息日本身已足以使他们被处决。

 

一神论的增长

 

随着革新,一神论开始增长而未完全局限于守安息日者。换句话说,非所有一 神论者是上帝教会的真正会员,正如非所有守安息日者是真正的会员一样。

 

一神论(Unitarianism这英文字源自拉丁文的unitarius它首先在1600年被用于合法的宗教上(宗教和道德百科全书),文章.唯一神论12, 页519)。它是特为与东正教的他的三位一体本质学说成对比的单一神性概念而立。其相应术语三位一体论者Trinitarian于1546年首先被舍维德斯以现代意义使用(如上)。一神论派(Unitarian这形容词有时被用在超越基督教的限度上(例如伊斯兰教和犹太教的基础也属一神论)。

 

新约的希腊文是由伊拉兹马斯 (1516)所出版。

他省略了著名的三位一体诗句, [约翰一书 5:7],而他对学者式争论的厌恶对很多有思想能力者产生了显著的影响(宗教和道德百科全书, 如上)。

 

伊拉兹马斯出版新约,促使精于希腊文者开始研究东正教三位一体论建立的前提。更重要的是,欧的人民有自由可以更开放,而审理受限制。学者开始看到圣经非三位一体而真正是支持一神论。这大陆第一个正式印刷的反三位一体论作品的步骤(与在革新和出版社之前教会的教义相反)在马丁舍拉流斯(1499-1564), 即罗伊希林的学生和路德的第一名追随者和朋友(宗教和道德百科全书, 如上, 页519-520)的作品中可见。 在他的作品de Operibus Dei 中,他使用基督的上帝(deus这术语,意思与基督徒也可能被称为dei ,为‘至高都的儿子’一样(如上)。关于神性的早期神学(No.127)一文将显示这概念是直接来自爱任纽以及早期使徒的门徒和使徒们本身。这相当轰动一时,而现代学院社会随着舍维德斯在1531年的作品而参与这项辩论。在寻不勒斯,西班牙的一名约翰瓦尔 德斯开始了一个研究经文的宗教团体,一直到他在1541死去(宗教和道德百科全书, 如上, 页520)。注意这里的名字瓦尔德斯。从他的名字和神学,这个人似为一保西班牙的韦尔多教徒(也见文章守安息日教会的一般分布 (No.122))。在 1539,米兰顿警告威尼斯参议院关于在北意大利分布广泛的舍维德斯主义(如上)。从这团体中,锡耶纳的伯纳德奥基诺 (1487-1565)慢慢地通过瑞士前往伦敦并任为异乡人教会之一(1550-1553),一直到它在玛丽女王设法复兴天主教时被折散为止。奥基诺被迫至苏黎世,并移居波兰,加入那儿的反三位一体论者。一名宝石匠的妻子凯瑟琳瓦加尔因相信‘一个不能由人类的智力所理解的,一切有形和无形世界的创造者,一个神的存在’而于1539年80岁时,在克拉科被烧死(如上)。这运动是我们确定为推雅推喇 纪元时期在欧洲的作为。反三位一体论运动也在1556年革新教会的第二个宗教会议中显示本身,而在皮埃蒙特的乔治伯兰德拉达成为它的头子。荷兰的再洗礼派论者也是代夫特的大卫约利斯(1501-1556)之下的一神论派。这些一神论者也松散地被称为新教徒。宗教和道德百科全书 说:

成千上万的新教徒在亨利八世统治时代从德国、阿尔萨斯和低地国家移居英国,而爱德华六世下的异乡人教会包含了法国人、瓦龙人、意大利人和西班牙人(宗教和道德百科全书, 如上, 页520)。

 

这些人在英国的一神论教会之协助下在那里寻求庇护。这是真正的上帝的教会。英国奇切斯特主教理查德皮科克的出版物,英国从第十五世纪起变得较开放给公开言论表达。威克利夫教派和再洗礼教派在这时期分歧。

 

在1548年12月28日,一位名叫约翰阿什顿的祭司在克兰麦面前发誓放弃‘可诅咒的异教’,而‘圣神的灵不是神,而只是父的某个力量,’,以及‘耶稣基督是被圣母玛利怀为一个神圣先知…..但不是真正和永生的神’。 在跟着的四月,一个委员会受委找出所有的再洗礼教派、异教徒、或或公共祈祷的蔑视者。伦敦的一些商人于五月被带到这委员会面前(宗教和道德百科全书, 如上)。

 

他们是一神论者。在教会的这阶段以及它的迫害中没有二元论或二神教的迹象它不是一个学说。美因兹的外科医生乔治梵巴利斯在1551年被处死,因为他说父神是唯一的神,而基督非真神(宗教和道德百科全书, 前面引用的书)。当伯兰德拉达在1558年抵达波兰时,当地的一神论运动已进入新教大会在波兰,但在七年后被排除。他们拒绝被称为任何名,除了基督徒之外(宗教和道德百科全书, 如上)。浮士德索齐尼(1539-1604), 锡耶纳勒流斯索齐尼(1525-1562) 的甥侄也是加尔文和米兰顿的朋友,造访英国并前往波兰。他们于1578年在特兰西瓦尼亚拜访伯兰德拉达,驳斥拒绝对基督所作任何礼拜仪式的法兰西大卫。他于1579年在波兰定居。索齐尼派是从他而来。不过,他们在他之前已在那里存在,为我们理解为韦尔多教派的一部分。我们在索齐尼教、阿里乌斯教和唯一神教(No.185))一文中探讨了这一点。

 

波兰一神论教会被天主教会迫害至消灭(见宗教和道德百科全书前面引用的书)。索齐尼接受了神这术语以次等的意义应用在基督身上。的确,这是爱任纽所用的意义,如我们在关于神性的早期神学 (No.127)文中所见

 

特兰西瓦尼亚内匈牙利教会的法兰西大卫(或大卫迪斯)因拒绝对基督祈祷或任何礼拜而被监禁在狄瓦城堡中。他于1579死在那里。我们从伊奥西开始,他继承者的良好历史记录中知道他们不只是一神论者,也遵守安息日、月塑和  圣节。号角节在赞美诗中被赞美为月塑,而月塑的赞美诗流行,胜于号角节作为一个节日的特别赞美诗(参考文章 守安息日教会的一般分布 (No.122))。

 

Unitarius的名称首次被美流斯用为一个字,并于1600年首次出现在勒斯法尔瓦会议教令的一个文件中。它于1638年正式被教会所接纳。匈牙利的教会过后被迫害两个世纪,他们的财产被充公。在本世纪开始,他们的后裔在特兰西瓦尼亚的兹克勒人中有一百四十个教堂,在匈牙利有几个。他们的1865年赞美诗集中没有崇拜基督者(宗教和道德百科全书, 如上)。这教会目前尚存的真正和忠实剩余为仍是一神论守安息日者的特兰喀尔巴阡山人。

 

英国一神教派的成长起自要恢复真正的使徒信仰的愿望。英国有最后的思考能力者明显看到新约非三位一体论而是一神论,而这些杰出的人士开始建立教会原有的教义。它或是由理查德胡克(1553-1600)和约翰哈尔斯开始(1584-1656)。将神性的神秘之定义只限制于经文内,成为一项中心课题。威廉基林沃斯 (1602-1644) 的作品对这项问题是主要的。基林沃斯从一名首要一神论者法克兰勋爵取得他的影响。格罗狄乌斯的作品对三位一体本质保持沉默(according to Stephen Nye in his Brief History of the Unitarians also called Socinians, London, 1687) ,并说他是以一神论线路或根据索齐尼的思想解释他的作品(宗教和道德百科全书, 页522)。

 

保罗贝斯特(1590-1657)在前往波兰途中被说服皈依。米尔顿也被特兰西瓦尼亚一神论派所影响(见Aereopagitica, 伦敦, 1644 –取自宗教和道德百科全书, 如上)。1640年6月的坎特伯雷和约克教士会议禁款入口一神教(索齐尼)书藉,而国会于1648年否定三位一体论使它成为死罪。不过,常被称为英国一神论之父的约翰比德(1616-1662)于1654年发表了双重经文问答集。一神论在第十七世纪在英国成为非常普通。波罗诺斯基教授在人类的上升电视剧中甚至说工业革命是一神论思想家的一个产品。尽管他在锡利群岛被监禁和流亡(1654-1658),比德也聚集了追随者。比德在1662的逝世以及统一法令制止了这项作为一项崇拜组织的运动。不过,对经文字面意义的要求导致当时的所有伟大思想家拒绝三位一体论。其中包括米尔顿。托马斯弗尔明(1632-1697),一名富裕的稠布商发扬了1691-1705的文学。国会设法压制它。不过,这名传大的哲学家以约翰洛克(1632-1704)的形式进入这领域。从对经文的研究,艾萨克牛顿爵士也追随米尔顿进入一神教。这些伟大的思想家由于1703年在剑桥继承牛顿为卢卡斯教授的威廉威斯顿(1672-1752)所追随,他于1710年因一神论而丧失其席位。撒姆格拉克(1675-1729)的关于三位一体经文学说,在揭露这项问题方面也是重要的。对子的共永恒之反对,第一次在这里提出,推介了一个准二元论立场。当曼彻斯特学院(较后的曼彻斯特学院牛津)于1786开放时, 它的第一名院长是托马斯巴恩斯,他是一名一神论者。

 

卡马森的长老制学院是一系列学院的继续者,第一个学院由曾是耶稣学院牛津一员以及1662年被驱逐2千名执事之一的撒姆琼斯所创(宗教和道德百科全书, 页523)。

 

其他一神论者为约瑟夫毕利斯利(1733-1804)。在一项国会请愿失败后,毕利斯利的朋友提兹河卡特利克的教区牧师西奥菲勒斯林赛(1723-1808) 辞去他的职位,并于1774年在斯特兰德的艾塞克斯街开设了一间一神论礼拜堂。这是多年来-或自异乡人教会的压制以来第一间开放的礼拜堂。

 

它利用英国国教徒礼拜仪式,使它适应唯父的崇拜。托马斯贝尔森(1750-1829)在1789年被委为哈克尼一间学院的神学辅导仅通过开放圣经供研究而促进了一神论的目标。这是通过分发书本促进基督徒知识和德行的一神论学会达致。林塞、毕利斯利和贝尔森是它的领袖。在1813年,通过诺里奇的国会议员以及弗洛伦斯南丁格尔的祖父威廉史密斯(1756-1835), 废除宽容法令条款导致一神论表白非法的发展,使到一神论得以前进。这些人的一神论也否定圣灵论(见宗教和道德百科全书, 页524)。托马斯扫伍德史密斯(1788-1861)也使拜伦、摩尔、沃兹沃斯及克雷布对他的一神论理想印象深刻。

 

史密斯的观点已从较早克伦威的牧师之一找到表达方式(宗教和道德百科全书, 如上)。第十八世纪的法律斗争看到教会信托律法方面的改变,它也对一神论教会组织本身的方式产生深刻的影响。

 

现代一神论如由詹姆士马丁纽(1805-1900) 和现代学校所提倡的现代一神论破坏了耶稣基督的弥赛亚作用,而且未完全基于经文,但也基于以推论解释经文。他对在威斯敏斯特评论中发表的以及宗教和道德百科全书(页525)中所提及的杜宾根之重建基督教起源的说明是重要的,如他对人类灵魂与神圣的契合所作的哲学辩护一样。激进的一神论错误地录求否定基督化身前的存在。

 

约翰詹姆士泰勒(1797-1869)在他的鉴定第四福音书特性的尝试(伦敦,1867)中,在英国提出了有关约翰的福音书问题的正式讨论。一长系列的学者恳求修订这经文和新约,而乔治万斯史密斯受邀参与圣经修订者(1870)。神论学者詹姆斯德拉蒙(1835-1918)是一名有学问的神学家,他所作的重要作品包括:犹太人的弥赛亚 (1877), 斐罗朱道舒(1888)以及第四福音书作者的探究调查(1903)。约翰雷利比尔德(1800-1876)以他的人民的圣经词 带头进入现代圣经词典。其他重要的一神论者为埃德加泰勒、撒姆萨伯、H A 布赖特、威廉拉斯波恩格雷格、法兰西威廉纽曼、法兰西丝保沃尔科比、拉尔夫韦尔多爱默生、西奥多帕克和马克斯慕勒。宗教和道德百科全书 也提供有关教会和分布的信息。现代的一些伟大思想家在研究圣经无希腊亚历山大神学和加帕多家学校的含意时,接受了一神论为原有的圣经系统。

 

安息日浸礼派运动

 

守安息日一神论派于第十七世纪在英国变得显著,虽然一些人可看到它从更早时的历史连续性。圣经学者的神学是在特拉斯吉运动的基础上,这运动是于1616年由约翰特拉斯吉在伦敦所率领。哈姆雷特杰克逊通过圣经研究将安息日带进这团体。经文的字面解释也导致这清教团体进入利未的食物律法。他的随徒被认为形成了米尔雅德安息日浸礼教会的核心,而另一些人将看到它的根源是在较的运动中。这教会在1661年因叛逆被处死的约翰詹姆士之第五个君主政体讲道而变得显著。这教会不但受到阿姆斯特丹犹太教会堂的影响,也受到受欢迎的撒伯代茨弥赛亚运动的影响。这教会,与当代的很多一般浸信会一样全属一神论,如1700年代初期爱德华艾尔瓦等作者所显示。圣经的历法和尼散月十四日逾越节的庆祝持续至今日,尽管在阿尔本毕去世后一神论见证人已开始消失(从1992年起)。

 

虽然缺乏历史证据,但大部分,若非全部在英国的所有其他早期安息日浸信会也是一神论派。第一个明显的例外是法兰西丝班非德于1676年所创立的比诺堂教会。这教会从观点看来是加尔文教派,虽然班非德在他的观点上非十分三位一体,但他肯定不是一神论者。特别和一般浸信会的合并使守安息日浸信会的一神论起源问题变得模糊。三位一体论者一路来在提出信仰宣言方面较为前进,因此文件不反映一神论派立场的坚韧。一神论派倾向沉着忽视信仰宣言。的确,米尔雅德至今日除了十诫加上少许辅助新约经文之外,完全不接受他者(欧洲和美国的安息日浸礼派, 卷1, 美国安息日咏唱会, 普莱菲尔德, 新泽西州, 1910, 页25-113)。

 

这是安息日浸信会信仰的主要或基本错误。在无法提出详细的信仰宣言的情形下的,他们不能充分地发表明确的声明。因此,详细分布广泛的声明不可能出现。他们无法充分利用他们的宗教自由来对上帝的天性发展一个健全的学说教义。

 

一神教派和守安息日

 

早期的一神教派在近乎没有例外的情形下是由守安息日所伴同,因两者都源自圣经的真实描绘a。三位一体教派不曾由守安息日伴同,一直到革新之后。在革新后,虽然非一项规则,一些三位一体论者守安息日,而一些一神论者守星期日成为一项事实。现代的守星期日一神论派与其他星期日礼拜系统是一样异常的。

 

在亚洲

 

亚洲的安息日经验主要是非三位一体,一直到耶稣会士开始他们的传教工作为止。基督教教派以及非洲的传教士(参考文章守安息日教会的一般分布 (No.122))跟随早期教会进入波斯、印度然后中国。一神论守安息日者对佛教构成了一项严重的威胁,并由佛教宣布为非法。作为一项规则,亚洲的守安息日教会也非三位一体论者。他们遵守食物律法并否定忏悔和涤罪。这些教会的支派主要是从君士坦丁堡和加尔西顿的议会而来。

 

中国人经历基督系统已久,如在别处一样,安息日是圣经真实描绘的标志。他在781已确立(参考文章 守安息日教会的一般分布 (No.122))。在1850年太平 叛乱兴起时,守安息日在中国已健存(如上)。

 

美国的经验

 

美国守安息日上帝的教会有良好的文件记录,在此不加以探讨。上帝的教会从英国教会系统发展起来,有着欧洲的影响。

 

基督复临安息日派

 

基督复临安息日会运动主要及正式是一神论,一直到1931年,乌利亚史密斯去世为止。但正式的采纳已酝酿一些时候并起自神职服务。基督复临论一神论思想家有詹姆斯怀特、老RF格特勒尔及小DT波多直至他的辞职、DM肯莱特、JN安德鲁、拉夫堡, 约翰马德森、AC波多、AT琼斯、WW普雷斯科特和乌利亚史密斯。

 

其他基督复临论运动为:

福音主义基督复临论者; 以及

基督将临基督徒。

 

它们全都误解了复活和审判的本质。这两个是根据圣经经文的拘汔字义千禧年论者,而基督复临安息日会则追随天上的千禧年。

 

基督复临论正式是一般圣经一神论,一直到1931年乌利亚史密斯的影响终止以及在它之中存在已久的三位一体论者开始夺取控制为止。乌利亚史密斯被他的继承者称为阿里乌斯派信徒。

 

埃伦G怀特被指是其中第一位在时代的愿望(1898, 页530)中推介三位一体概念给基督复临安息日会者,看来未经校定并与教会的明确观点相反(根据ML安德里森,预言的精神, 1948年11月30日的演讲)。也有其他基督复临论观点派别。

 

ML安德里森(如上)说,他们怀疑它是一项编辑错误,但他前往与她交谈并证实它是这样的。他一直到1948年才发表这点。鉴于教会长老的舆论和学说,直至1931这文被怀疑为一项编辑伪造。詹姆士怀特来自的基督教联系是一神论派。他们最终加入他者成为联合基督教会。这些学说比那些已成为一神论信普救说教会者较基于圣经。这个教会与守安息日教会的一神论从属主义学说没有任何真正的关系。

 

基督复临论教会是一神论派,或正如基督复临论者目前所说的亚里乌斯派,一直到1931年为止。无论如何,阿里乌斯教派,如三位一体论者所给的定义,宣称灵为子所创造。这学说或是早期三位一体论者的发明,因我们所拥有的阿里乌斯没有这学说的记录。不过,如一位一体论的定义,阿里乌斯论非圣经的一神论,而且非史密斯或任何教会纪元,包括上帝的教会(安息日)或后来的教会所持的学说。

 

须注意的是,基督复临安息日会的派别未正式成为三位一体论者,一直到1958年教义的问题发表过后。安德里森写了一系列的信抗议这项最终的采纳。因此,在1931和1958之间有一个过渡期。根据从1968至1973年在基督复临神学院读书的托马斯麦艾文博士所拥有的1938年教会手册幅本,法国基督复临论者在这一个发表的信仰宣言仍属一神论。他在对这作品所作的评论中表示,该学院属三位一体论,但当时的圣会仍属一神论派。

 

1800年代早期的基督复临运动(1842-1844)看到有相当多的三位一体论者被吸引进入安息日系统。一些从未真正离弃三位一体模式,而这在早期的纯粹基督复临派系统于1931年史密斯过后,当基督复临会中的三位一体论者主要通过神职服务者的渴望取得控制权时,被证明是致命的。向美国新教提出上诉的愿望是促成这项问题的其中一个因素。它也将导致上帝的教会在第二十世纪出现二元论,因此在现有系统中产生多种错误和分门结党。

 

上帝的教会(安息日)

 

上帝的教会(安息日)是一个圣经的一神论守安息日系统;它未有守安息日的规则,但一路来大家知道在一些地区都这么做着(例如智利)。

 

目前它在其神职服务中被三位一体论者所推翻,并或将屈服,虽然与神职服务对立的会员可能会使它免于陷入如在上帝普世教会中所看到的迅速投降局面。在1997年,上帝的教会(安息日)宣布它属二元论。

 

上帝普世教会(前称神的广播教会)

 

赫伯特阿姆斯壮从1927年开始为上帝的教会(安息日) 杂志圣经提倡者写作。他从1930年代早期开始他的神职服务工作,但一直到大约1940年仍在上帝教会(安息日)的薪水册中。这是在基督复临运动宣布三位一体论过后,但并未与它有关。

 

上帝普世教会的神学是二重神论的,并类似,但不同于公元381年君士坦丁堡议会过后马其顿尼被废职和死后的马拉多尼斯异教。它对圣灵的天性意见不同,但仍信两个神。它的定义很差,在上帝普世教会阶级中有很多一神论者, 完全因为圣神函授课程中的含糊,从单数的伊罗亚推究出上帝的结构。

 

随着上帝普世教会的破裂产生了一系列在神性和其他大部分学说方面定义差劣的教会团体。很多在技术上是二重神论者,相信从起源有两个神。一些宣布了二无论结构,但神学说明方面很差。所有的团体都守圣节。至少有两个团体守月塑。

 

上帝的基督教会

 

上帝的基督教会是守安息日的教会,遵守早期教会系统的各方面,包括圣经的一神论神性。它在非说英语的国家拥有支会,它们所用的名称是从英文名翻译过来的。

 

耶和华见证人

 

耶和华见证人是一个一神论教会,它不遵守或理解安息日、月塑和节期。因此,他们缺乏本文所提及的选民的重要标志。

 

总结

 

安息日是上帝的教会之标志。它非标志。主要的标志是神性。这是圣经的一神论结构。洗礼是第二个标志而圣灵的接受是内心的印章。在外的标志是安息日和圣餐/逾越节,即上帝律法的标志。这由月塑和圣节跟随。安息日因偶像崇拜而被被拒于人类。

 

以西结书20:16-20 20:16因为他们厌弃我的典章、不顺从我的律例、干犯我的安息日.他们的心随从自己的偶像。20:17虽然如此、我眼仍顾惜他们、不毁灭他们、不在旷野将他们灭绝净尽。20:18我在旷野对他们的儿女说、不要遵行你们父亲的律例、不要谨守他们的恶规、也不要因他们的偶像玷污自己。20:19我是耶和华你们的 神、你们要顺从我的律例、谨守遵行我的典章、20:20且以我的安息日为圣.这日在我与你们中间为证据、使你们知道我是耶和华你们的 神。(英王钦定本)

 

安息日的污染起自偶像崇拜。安息日包括基于对月塑的正确遵守之上帝的历法而被拨作崇拜上帝的日子。上帝惩罚人民不尊敬他和遵守他的律法。

 

以西结书20:21-24 20:21只是他们的儿女悖逆我、不顺从我的律例、也不谨守遵行我的典章、(人若遵行就必因此活着)干犯我的安息日.我就说、要将我的忿怒倾在他们身上、在旷野向他们成就我怒中所定的。20:22虽然如此、我却为我名的缘故缩手没有这样行、免得我的名在我领他们出埃及的列国人眼前被亵渎.20:23并且我在旷野向他们起誓、必将他们分散在列国、四散在列邦.20:24因为他们不遵行我的典章、竟厌弃我的律例、干犯我的安息日、眼目仰望他们父亲的偶像。(英王钦定本)

 

安息日与第一诫命和律法是分不开的。人民因无法遵守上帝律法的各方面而被惩罚。选民以一贯的方式守信仰,一直到第十九和第二十世纪当唯一真神的崇拜中心性以及神性的理解被新教教义所打击为止。

 

附录

 

早期反三位一体论者和一神论的传统说明

 

萨夫在在卷 II,第150节中谈到反三位一体论者的类别;他称阿罗吉、狄奥多杜斯、阿尔迪蒙、和萨摩斯岛的保罗为第一类。他在572页中说:

 

基于这些反三位一体论者着重神性的数字和单一,他们从帝制或一神论被通称为上帝一体论者。

 

但我们必须小心分辨这两个对立的类别: 否定基督的神性,或将它解释为仅是“力量” [dunamis]的唯理论或充满活力的上帝一体论者”;以及视父与子为一样的天父受苦论者或形态上帝一体论者;他们承认最多只有一个三重启示模式的形态三位一体,而非三个位格。

 

这异端学说的第一个形式,涉及抽象的犹太一神教,自然神论地切开神圣的和人类,并稍微升于爱宾尼学说之上。在教会被击败后,这异端学说以更壮大的规模在它之外升起,为一虚假启示,并在可被称为东方假犹太教和假基督教一神论的伊斯兰教中取得非凡的成就 。

 

第二个形式从基督神性的最高概念而起,但一部分也出自接近诺斯替教幻影说基础的泛神论概念。

 

一个对子的神圣怀偏见,另一个对父的神圣怀偏见;而后者是到目前为止最深奥和属基督教的,并因此获得较广的接受。

 

必须谨记,萨夫是一名三位一体论者,因此,他是在反驳与他对立核心神学的观点。他的描绘是不完整的,如我们所将看到。萨夫说(页573),第一类的所有上帝一体论者只看到基督是一个人,充满神力;但却视这神力为非只从洗礼,而根据爱宾尼观点是从开始即在他之中运转的;并承认他的超自然产生是由圣灵而来。他过后列出这些支派的类别,阿罗吉、狄奥多杜斯。较年轻的狄奥多杜斯将麦基洗德放在作为上帝和人类之间中介的基督之上,作为上帝和天使之间的中介(萨夫, 页574)。他的随从也被称为麦基洗德派。萨夫继续列出阿尔迪摩论者,后者否定基督的神性并利用欧几里得和亚里斯多德来否定这些神秘事物及反对利用柏拉图学说来说明福音书。

 

萨夫也列安提俄克260年起的主教,萨摩斯岛的保罗为最著名的唯理论一神论派。

 

他否定道和圣灵的个性,并认为他们只是上帝的力量,如人类中的理智和思相;但同意道居住在基督中的程度比上帝的任何前使者来得大,并在较后时期似索齐尼派般教导基督的逐渐上升,由他本身的道德发展决定神圣的地位。他承认基督留无罪,战胜我们祖先的罪,然后成为人类的救世主(如上)。

 

萨夫认为这种基督徒仍以萨摩斯派、保罗林派和塞贝里派存在。不过,他在这里犯了一项错误,在上帝一体论者术语下搞乱了各团体,这是宗教和道德百科全书(见文章上帝一体论) 所警戒的,因它使这事件的问题混淆。

 

萨夫的第二类反三位一体论者包巴拉西亚斯、诺伊德斯、卡里斯德斯和贝利鲁斯。这里在一方面为休教皇和宗教和道德百科全书编辑者,以及另一方面为萨夫之间似产生了一场纷争。上帝一体论在它典型的意义上,是通过诺伊德斯源自天父受苦学说,而塞贝里人是他们的继承者。无论如何,萨夫在第152节中将塞贝里人个别列出。关于神性的早期神学(No.127)一文引述这篇作品,是要显示上帝一体论的错误和希波吕托斯的立场。他们教导唯一至高神根据一身的意愿,以及自我限制的行动成为人,因此子是隐藏在肉体中的父(萨夫, 页576)。 够奇怪的,对帝制的提示目前只在帝制相互内在性学说决定神性关系的三位一体论中发现。

 

塞贝里派被阿萨纳修斯追踪至斯多葛学派哲学并经常重现。塞贝里争论寻求单元和神性中三个一组的区别。因此,父的启示非在先于三位一体启示的创造时开始,而是在给予律法时。子的启示是在化身时开始,在升天时结束。圣灵的启示是在默示时开始,并于再生和圣化时继续。他通过比较父和太阳的圆盘来阐明三位一体关系,子是其照耀力量、灵是其升温的影响(也见现代三位一体论的蜡烛类比)。他否定父以及子和圣灵显现的永久性。他使这三个暂时的现象完成他们的使命然后回到抽象的单元(有关学说见萨夫, 前面引用的书, 页581-583)。这项系统将重现在联系为程序神学的新时代运动中中。它与使徒们以及早期教会的基督教一神论派、革新一神论派以及我们本身所教导的从属主义是对立的。

 

萨夫在处理早期非三位一体学说方面并不诚实。他利用反三位一体学说这术语似暗示有一项三位一体学说,而事实并非这样。三位一体论到了381年才在君士坦丁堡议会上拟定,而且到了451年当很多重要的教会与三位一体论者切断交流时才在加尔西顿议会上确定。他未提及这些教会或属从属主义一神论派的早期护教论者之神学。爱任纽是重要的,因为他的说明是我们所可取得最接近约翰和波利卡普的原有神学者。三位一体的历史,无论是新教或天主教都很少承认这项驳斥它们的神学。萨夫以最广大概括的意义使用一神论这术语,与三位一体论者所适应的,以便使这两方之间从第十五世纪起的真正纠纷变得模糊。三位一体论派企图将形态论者或上帝一体论者以及他们的前任天父受苦说,以及联同义子学说、麦基洗德学说以及犹太人和穆斯林,联同导致这术语出现的基督教一神论派,统合置于一般集一神论派之下。这使到此术语的原有含意变得模糊。视这些为一神教徒以及一神论派为一神教的子集是较正确的。无论如何,这显然将把三位一体论者排除在外,因此未受到使用。

 

 

 

 

CONCORDIAS

 

HECHAS, Y FIRMADAS

entre la jurisdicion Real, y

el Santo Oficio de la

Inquisicion.

 

宣言, 皇家司法权和审理宗教法庭的法令和诏书

巴伦西亚, 1568 (作者珍藏)。

 

 

 

信仰诏书

 

“朕宫庭的安德烈神学家,对付巴伦西亚市和王国中异端学说和使徒刚愎等之审理者。

 

“致所有忠实的基督徒, 属各身份、品质和地位的男女、牧师、修道士和祭司;他们对这的关心将引致我们的主耶稣基督的拯救,真正的拯救;那通过我们的前任者,尊敬的审理者之其他诏书和判决知道的,他们被警告在一个特定的时期内出现在他们面前,并宣告和表明他们所曾看到、知道、及听到的,有关任何个人或多个人,不管死去或活着的、曾说过或做过任何针对神圣天主教信仰者; 培养及遵守摩西律法或伊斯兰教派、或他们的仪式和礼节;或犯下各种异教罪行;遵守星期五傍晚和星期六;在星期六换穿清洁私人亚麻布以及比其他日子更好的衣服;于星期五在小火上蒸煮锅中准备星期六的食物;不与他日一样在星期五傍晚及星期六工作者;在星期五傍晚用新灯芯在清洁的灯中点火者;将清洁的麻布放在床上以及清洁的餐巾在桌上;庆祝除酵节,吃无酵饼及芹菜和苦香草;遵守宽恕禁食(赎罪日)整日不进食一直到星出之后的傍晚,当他们彼此宽恕并开斋时;以同样的方式遵守以斯帖女王的tissabav和rosessena斋戒; 那根据摩西的律法,站在墙前、前后摇摆以及往后退几步祈祷者说; 那给犹太人神殿或其他秘密崇拜地方油钱者;那根据犹太律法宰杀家禽,拒吃羊或任何其他不洁净的动物者;那不要吃盐猪肉、野免、免子、蜗牛或没有鳞的鱼者;那根据犹太习俗为他们的死者洗身体以及在天然地埋葬他们者;那在服丧屋内不吃肉而吃鱼和煮熟了的蛋,坐在低桌者;那在烘烤时分开少量生面团丢入火中者;那成为,或知道其他被奄割者;那召唤魔鬼,并给他们原敬意者;那说摩西的律法是好的,而且可使他们得救者;那执行很多其他相同的仪式和礼仪者;那说我们的主耶稣基督不是经文所允诺的真正弥赛亚,或是真神或上帝之子者;那否定他死去是为救赎人类者;否定复活以及他的升天;并说我们的圣母玛利亚不是神母或在基督诞生前和之后是处女; 那说及确认其他异教错误者;那说他们在审理者之前所告白的非真事实者;那除下他们忏悔长袍以及未逗留在监牢或遵守对他们所实施的苦行;那针对我们神圣的天主教信仰以及审理官员说诽谤性的东西者;或那影响任何本可能已被拉向天主教的无信仰者克制不皈依者;那断言祭坛的圣餐不是我们的救世主耶稣基督的真正身体和血,而且上帝不能是无所不在者;或任保持有这可诅咒的看法,背诵和庆祝弥撒,不说献祭仪式的圣话之祭司;表示同时相信穆罕默德的律法和其仪式及礼仪是好的,而且可带来他们的拯救者;那确定生命是生与死,而且没有天堂与地狱者;以及说进行高利贷不是罪;若任何妻子仍活着而再婚的男人、或任何在她的第一个丈夫生时重婚的妇女;若任何知道那些守犹太习俗者,并在他们的孩子出世后的第七晚为他们命名以及在一桌上放着银和金,欢愉地遵守犹太仪式者;以及若任何知道当某个人死时他们在死者死去的地方放置一杯水和一枝点着的腊烛及餐巾, 以及一些日子不进去那个地方者;若任何知道一名犹太人或皈依者在秘密鼓吹摩西的律法并使他者转信这信条、教导属于这信念的仪式、提供有关节期和禁食日期的信息、教导犹太人的祷告者;若任何知道任何人企图成为犹太人,或作为基督徒以犹太人的装束在国外行走者;若任何人知道任何皈依与否者下令他的服装必须用帆布而非麻布做成,如好犹太人所为者;若任何人知道那些当他们的孩子吻他们的手而将他们的手放在孩子头上而不作标志(十字架)者;或那,在正餐或晚餐过后祝福酒并传给桌上的每一个人,而这祝福称为veraha者; 若任何人知道在任何屋子里人民为进行宗教礼拜而聚集,或朗读本国圣经或执行其他犹太教仪式者;或任何人知道当某人将出远门而被告知摩西律法中的某些话,并在没有作标志(十字架)的情形下将手放在他的头上者;以及任何知道任何人已宣誓信摩西信条,或等待弥赛亚的到来,说我们的救赎者或救世主耶稣基督不会来而现在以利亚将来并带他们到应许之地者;以及任何知道任何人假装进入出神状况并在天堂漫游而有一天使将他带过绿地并告诉他这是为所有皈依者保存的应许之地,而以利亚将把他们从他们所活着的囚禁中救赎出来者;以及任何知道任何人或多名不论是儿童或被宣告有罪者的孙子,丧失资格而使用公共办事处、或带武器或穿丝绸和纤细的布料、或以金、银、珍珠或其他珍贵的宝石或珊瑚装饰他们的服装,或使用他们被禁止及不合格拥有的任何其他东西者;以及任何知道任何人有或拥有应被带至异教罪充公物接收者的任何被充公货物、家私、金钱、金、银、或其他属于那些被宣判异端罪者宝石的人。—这些东西,被看到、听到或知道了,你,以上所提忠实的基督徒,以顽固的心,拒绝宣告和表明,将大为负担和损害你的灵魂;以为已被由我们的圣父所发出的训令和特许,以及你所作出的承诺和捐献而得到赦免,因哪个你已招致被逐出教会的宣判以及立法下的其他严厉惩罚;因此你可能会被起诉,如那些已被逐出教会者,以及如以各方式作为异教徒的教唆犯;但想以善行,以免失去你的灵魂,因为我们的主不想罪人死亡而是他的革新和生命;通过这些在场的,我们除去和中止上述前任审理者对你所发布的责难,只要你遵守及遵循我们这诏书的条件,我们通过它要求、劝诫及命令你,借助于神圣的顺从,以及在完全逐出教会的惩罚下,从这现有诏书被读给你听,或以任何方式使你知道的时间起的九天内,表明你所知道,看到,或听到的,或以任何方式被告知的上述东西或仪式,以及亲自在我们面前宣告及表明你所看到,听到或被秘密告知的,不必在先前与任何他人谈起,或对任何人作假证。否则,在这时期过后,规范的警告根据律法重复后,将在这此文件中和通过它们,对你采取步骤及公布逐出教会的判决;以及通过这种逐出教会的行动,我们下令你被公开谴责;在进一步的九天时期过后,你若持续叛乱和逐出教会,你将从与圣母教会和同者圣礼的结合和参与而被革出教会、被诅、被咒、被隔离为魔鬼的伙伴。我们命令教区牧师、教区长、牧师和教堂的看守人以及其他宗教或教会人员,将上述者看待及视为被逐出教会以及被诅咒,因他们招致全能上帝、荣耀的圣母玛利亚,他的母、以及使已行宣福礼的使徒圣彼得和圣保罗以及天上宫庭所有圣徒的愤怒和愤慨; 以及法老王和他的人民因不顺从神圣的诫命而降落在他们身上的瘟疫和诅咒,都降落在那叛逆和不顺从,隐瞒有关上述事物者;以及相同的神圣驱逐包围他们,如它包围在火中消灭的所多玛和蛾摩拉人民一样;以及如阿但和阿比伦因不顺从和反叛我们的主上神所犯的不良行为和罪过而被吞没在地下一样;以及他们在吃喝、在醒来和睡觉、在来和往方面被诅咒。他们将在活着和死去中受诅咒、以及愿他们变硬,以使他们的罪和魔鬼经常作为他们的右手;愿他们的职业是罪孽深重的,以及他们的日子不多而且是邪恶的;愿他们的物质由他人来享受,而他们的孩子成为孤儿,他们的妻子成为寡妇。愿他们的孩子永远贫困,而没有人帮助他们;原他们被逐出他们的家园,而他们的货物被高利贷者拿走;以及愿他们;愿他们找不到任何人怜悯他们;愿他们的孩子,以及他们的名字被毁和遗弃;他们的邪恶永远存在于神圣的记忆中。愿他们的敌人击败他们,并掠夺他们在这世上所拥有的一切;以及愿他们沿户而行而未取得任何救济。愿他们的祈祷变为诅咒;以及面包和酒、肉和鱼、水果和他们所吃的其他食物被诅咒;他们所住的屋子和他们所穿的衣服,他们所骑的兽以及所睡的床,他们进餐的桌子和餐巾也一样。他们被诅咒,让撒旦和路济弗尔以及所有在地狱中的魔鬼成为他们的主人,日夜陪伴他们。阿门。以及任何招致上述被逐出教会和诅咒者若在其中持续一年的时间,那他们本身将被视为异教徒,并将以对付异教徒或异教罪嫌疑犯一样的程序被起诉。於我们的主上帝之年,1512年3月___日发布。”

 

Nullus omoveat sub pena excommunicationis

 

(条款:对忏悔牧师所作忏悔,以求在这异端者从犯罪的时候起可能面对的被逐出教会之判决上取得赦免,是无效的。)

 

(条款: 所有知道现有诏令中所提及的任何东西,或关于其他异端邪说而未自愿前来告发或宣告者,在此被逐出教会,并不能被他们的忏悔牧师所赦免。)

 

El doctor De Mandato sue Palacio, inquisidor。     Reverende paternitatis,                    Petrus Sorell, notarius。

 

 

 

 

 

            上帝的教会之学说一览表

教会/学说 神性  组织结构 洗礼 安息日 月塑 圣节 圣餐/逾越节 食物律法
保罗-以弗所(公元30年起) 圣经的一神论 长老制和准主教制 成人洗礼 守安息日 守月塑 守圣节 十四日节 遵循
士麦那-里昂(第2-第9世纪) 圣经的一神论 长老制和准主教制 成人洗礼 守安息日 守月塑 守圣节 十四日节 遵循
保罗林派(第4-第10世纪) 圣经的一神论 准军事 成人洗礼 守安息日 难于确定 守圣节 十四日节 遵循
法兰哥-西班牙瓦仁斯或撒巴达派(阿比尔派第9-第15世纪) 圣经的一神论 法国:主教制非等级制度。

西班牙:长老制

成人洗礼 守安息日 迫害期间都 秘密作礼拜 守圣节 十四日节 遵循
中央革新前韦尔多撒巴达派 圣经的一神论 长老制。非教士理事会。均等人数宗教会议。 成人洗礼 守安息日 迫害期间都秘密作礼拜 守圣节 十四日节 遵循
中央革新后韦尔多派

(第16世纪起)

准三位一体论 混杂,一直到实质消灭。 成人洗礼 与革新一起进入星期日礼拜 复活节(星期五受难日-星期日复活) 不遵循
东欧撒巴达派(第11世纪起) 圣经的一神论 依据地区的长老制。 成人洗礼 守安息日。(在1579年 分裂后为星期日) 守月塑 遵循 十四日节 遵循
革新前再洗礼派/威克利夫派(第9世纪起) 圣经的一神论 长老制。

这团体在第十五世纪分裂。

成人洗礼 守安息日。 (在1579年分裂后为星期日) 没有记录 对阿比尔派是革新前 十四日节 遵循
革新后浸信会 混杂 (早期基督降临安息日一神论) 混杂 成人洗礼 混杂 不(一些安息日浸礼派现守节期) 没有记录 很多采纳复活节 混杂
美国浸信会(第17世纪起) 混杂 混杂 成人洗礼 混杂 没有记录 很多采纳复活节 混杂
基督降临安息日会(第19世纪起) 一神论直至1931-58 乌利亚史密斯过后采纳三位一体论 依据宪法的长老制 成人洗礼 守安息日 接受但不遵守 复活节(星期五受难日)在上帝的教会(安息日)分裂后 遵循
上帝的教会(  安息日)

考德威尔爱达荷最为正确

一神论,现在考德威尔里为改变中的一神论。 依据宪法的长老制 成人洗礼 守安息日 不但丹佛会议中,在考德威尔里是正确的 在一些地区考德威尔根据日月会合庆节日 十四日节 遵循
上帝普世教会(前为神的广播教会) 通过分裂与直至1955年与上帝的教会 (安息日)为一神论。定义差劣的一神论/二重神论/二元论混合直至1994年。 很多支派。 从上帝的教会(安息日)分裂起为依据宪法的长老制。宪法和投票非法中止。现社团层次作为大部分分支 。 成人洗礼 守安息日 至1996。 正进入星期日崇拜。支会是守安息日者。 不。有一短时期在错误日子的月塑夜研读圣经。 遵循。

不曾守麦穗节。

在犹太历法中为十四日节,有错误的逾越节结构。1996在一些地区未被遵守。 遵循
上帝的基督教会 圣经的一神论 依据宪法的长老制 成人洗礼 守安息日 守月塑 守圣节 十四日节 遵循

Contents

One True God:

God exist-Why is God eternal-Many names for God-Which name, which entity-Elohim/Eloah-Elohim plural-How many elohim-Jehovah/Jehovah of Hosts-SHD 3068/3069-Two different beings-God look on sin-God and His Law

Spiritual Creation:

Angel of YHVHIs Christ YHVH-Worship the son-Great Angel OT-Who spoke to Abraham-Who did Moses see-Who talked to Moses and Aaron

Sons of GodHow many sons of God-Difference in heavenly beings-24 Thrones/Elders-4 living creatures-4 rivers/4 Cherubim-Lion headed systems-Who are the host-Cause of rebellion-Cherub rebel-Rebellion-Fallen host repent-Angels male or female Lucifer: Meaning of Lucifer-Satan still has access to God-Satan not always evil- Abaddon/Apollyon Angels: Function of angels-Can we recognise angels-Pray to angels

Physical Creation:

Nephilim: Humans before Adam-Pre/post Adam DNA-Nephilim not resurrected Adam and Eve: Why create man-Mankind’s destiny-Adam rebuke Eve-Life before Adam-Children’s stories-Apple forbidden fruit-Different races-Vegetables or meat first-Physical condition early people Noah: Origin or faces from Noah-Flood worldwide-Noah’s faith Abraham: Blessings for Hagar/Ishmael

The Law:

Two tablets of stone-6 and 4 or 5 and 5-First Commandment-Sabbath-Reading the law Society: Uncleanness until sundown-Not coming near wives-Childbirth-Garments etc-Swearing-Violence on innocent-Death penalty-Tattoos-Owe no man-Gambling Food Laws: Mushrooms-Supplements-Pork and fish-Eating meat-Food and ten commandments Tithes and Offerings: 3 or 7 offerings-Atonement tax-Stealing from God

Israel:

12 Judges-Kings-Numbering of tribes-Order of tribes-Moses: Broken tablets-Wife and children-Hosts of Pharaoh-Red sea-Seven-day march-Fall of Jericho- Red cords-Blood on doorposts-Idols and Images: Golden idol-Why a calf-Worship of images-Golden calf/golden cross-Divisions of Israel

Joshua…Joshua’s life-12 rocks/12 apostles-2 spies

JudgesJudges 9:7-21;Judges 19-Gideon 70 sons-Samson’s hair-Riddle to 30

RuthRuth’s kinsman

1Samuel1Samuel 1:6-17:40-David

1Kings…1Kings chapter 6

2Kings…2Kings chapter 2

EstherEsther 9:13 Nuremburg Trials

Job7 sons 3 daughters-Job of Genesis 46:13

PsalmsPsalm 82-Psalm 187

Proverbs…Proverbs 8 and 9-Proverbs 31

EcclesiastesEcclesiastes 7:1-Birthdays

Prophets:

IsaiahIsaiah 19:23-Isaiah 65:1-6-Isaiah 1:29

Jeremiah…Jeremiah 4:15ff

EzekielEzekiel 46:20;-26:21;-Exekiel’s Temple-Ezekiel 20:37-38

DanielDaniel 12:1-2;-2:43;-7:9-10;-Daniel and 3 in oven-Lion’s den
Hosea…Hosea 2:15

JoelJoel 2:23

MicahMicah 6:4;-5:5

Zechariah…Zecariah 14:16-19

God’s Calendar:

Full moon-Time lost-Number 7-Jubilees: What is a Jubilee-How to count-Blown on Atonement-5 months in 50th or 1st year-End of Jubilee Feasts: Where does he place his name-Assemblies of God-Fat of the Feast-Pentecost: Shavuot-Trumpets: Trumpets blown-Feast of Shofar-New Year-Atonement: Meaning-Tribute tax-Half Shekel

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FAQ Old Testament

One True God

Why do you believe that God exists? 

A: It is written only a fool says in his heart that there is no God. The entire structure of the creation demands that God exist: From the Laws of Thermodynamics to the phase space volume selection of the universe and Quantum Mechanical theory. The philosophical basis of Causation is singularist and not supervenient. Why would you think that there is no God?

Why do you think God is eternal? The fact that God created us should not mean that God never dies. Maybe your God just had special power to create the whole world and maybe His life has just been very long, of years old.

A: God stands outside of time and space. The Bible is very clear that there is only One True God, whom no man has ever seen or ever can see (John 1:18), and who dwells in unapproachable light and who alone is immortal (1Tim. 6:16).

We know this to be true as the phrase “space volume selection of the universe” is held to be a factor of ten to the tenth, to the 123rd power. It cannot be written in normal denary notation, even if the entire substructure of matter in the universe were to be used. In other words, there is a point of origin, and only one for the entire universe.

We now know from the general theory of relativity and subsequent quantum mechanical theory and its adaptations that a substructure, which we call “quarks”, underpins the basis of matter.

We know from the decay of “K Mesons” that there is directionality to time. We know that the structure of matter in the universe is a directional structure in which Space, Time Mass, Energy and Gravity are equivalent expressions of a single fundamental essence, and that essence we call spirit. The Bible is understood to teach us that God creates it “ex nihilo” or “out of nothing”. This was also the doctrine of the Shepherd of Hermas, the earliest of the writings not now included in the New Testament.

God created the entire spiritual realm, and then he created the physical. This is examined in the papers How God Became a Family (No. 187) and The Purpose of the Creation and the Sacrifice of Christ (No. 160). The structure of the creation and the logical necessity of Singularist Causation and the impossibility of Absolute Creation in the work is shown in Creation: From Anthropomorphic Theology to Theomorphic Anthropology (No. B5). 

I see in my concordance that there are multiple words in Hebrew that are translated as “God.” Do they all mean the same thing? Why do the Hebrews have so many words for God? 

A: No, they don’t all mean the same thing. The various names for God are a function of His activity in the creation. Also, beings carry the name “God” and “Yahovah” when they act for the one true God. The name of God in the singular is “Eloah.” “Elohim” is a plural name, which can be used of singular beings.

In the same way “Yahovah” is used of multiple beings of the angelic host including Christ, but “Yahovih” is not so used. “Yahovih” is “Yahovah of Hosts” who is the “Most High” or the “Elyon.” The term “I am that I am” is a corruption of this idea. The text is “ ‘eyeh ‘asher ‘eyeh” or “I will be what I will become.” The term, “Yahovah” is “He causes to be” as a third person form (see fn. to Exodus 3:14 in the Oxford Annotated RSV). The names of God in the various forms are covered in the texts The Names of God (No. 116) and The Pre-Existence of Jesus Christ (No. 243).

I am confused as to the different names given in the Bible for God. I have read your papers and all makes sense, but it does not tell which name is for which entity. For example, how do you know in Genesis 1:1 that this Elohim is the One True God in the Spirit? In verse 26 it states, “Let us make man in our own image…” That sounds like the plural Elohim and not the One True God. Then I look at 2:4 and on and it states, “YHVH Elohim.” Who is the Elohim in 1:1 and who is YHVH Elohim in 2:4 and how do you know how to distinguish between them? It does say in 2:4 that YHVH Elohim created the Heavens and the Earth. Were they created by YHVH Elohim through His Elohim(s)?

A: Yes, this is a very important question. We have this basic rule. No man has ever seen God, neither heard His voice, nor seen His form (Jn. 1:18). We have this from the mouth of Christ and reinforced by John and Paul. Thus, the beings that are referred to in the Bible as Elohim who were seen or touched were sons of God and not the One True God. This One True God dwells in unapproachable light and no man has seen Him or ever can see Him. All that was experienced by man was delivered by the Great Angel of the Old Testament, who gave the Law to Moses and who became Jesus Christ, or those other sons of God who worked with him and who also bore the name of God. Look at the papers The Names of God (No. 116) and The Pre-Existence of Jesus Christ (No. 243). The One True God, Eloah has created all things by His will and all beings act under His will.

Am I to conclude that we do not know which elohim it is referring to in Genesis 1:1 and it really does not matter because all the Elohim are acting under the direction of Eloah? Do you think it is the sons of Eloah it is referring to because of the plural used in verse 26? So everything was created through the Elohim for Eloah?

A: The word God in Genesis 1:1 refers to Eloah and the first act of creation already completed, which was the extension of Himself as Elohim. Thus, the extended being is Elohim and He creates as Elohim because it involves multiple beings.

Job 38:4-7 shows the concept. He created and the sons of God were gathered together and the Morning Stars sang for joy at the creation of the earth. Thus, all were elohim under the One True God (cf. Jn. 17:3). It is irrelevant who was allocated tasks from the primary creation, which was the generation of the elohim from Eloah. Look at the papers How God Became a Family (No. 187) and The Government of God (No. 174).

Could you explain and define the Hebrew word for God, “Elohim”? Isn’t this a plural word? Are we to understand that it encompasses the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit?

A: The Hebrew word “Elohim” is a plural word meaning both “God;” and “Gods” plural, depending on its use. The singular word for God is “Eloah.” This is “Elahh” in Chaldean. The plural word for God in Chaldean is “Elahhin’” which is the same meaning as Elohim. “The God” is referred to as “Ha Elohim.” The Arabic came from the eastern Aramaic or Chaldean and that is why the Arabic word for God in the singular is “Allah’.” Elohim extends to cover all the sons of God as a council of elohim and a body of spirit beings. The Bible refers to the elohim as a plurality and elohim is rendered as “aggelos” in Greek and “angels” in English. For example, Psalm 8:5 says of Messiah that “Thou hast made him a little lower than the elohim.” This is translated in the English of the KJV as “angels” from the rendering in the Septuagint (LXX) as “aggelos”. The same is true in the Vulgate, and the Syriac. Thus, it was generally understood for three hundred years before and after Christ that the “elohim” were the “sons of God” who were termed “messengers” or “angels.” This text is also rendered “angels” in Hebrews 2:7. The Angel of the Old Testament is also an elohim. Psalm 97:7 also refers to the elohim as a wider council of elohim. It is a very important and interesting point, which is obscured by the Trinitarian system (see the paper Psalm 8 (No. 14)). The Trinity is a pagan system of the Triune God, which was introduced from Rome in the fourth century. Look also at the papers The Elect as Elohim (No. 1); The Angel of YHVH (No. 24); The Pre-Existence of Jesus Christ (No. 243); Creation: From Anthropomorphic Theology to Theomorphic Anthropology (No. B5) and The Soctratic Doctrine of the Soul (No. B6).

In Genesis 1:26 it says man was created in the image of Elohim. In 2:7 it says that YHVH Elohim formed man of the dust. In Revelation 21:17 it refers to the measure of a man, that is, of an angel. It seems to me that it is talking about two different men and maybe two different Gods. Are the words in the ancient text for man in all the places that I referenced the same word? Are we talking about the same beings?

A: The Bible does speak of various elohim. The elohim are a council, as we know from the Psalms and elsewhere. The text in Revelation speaks of the measure of a man as the measure of an angel, and that tells you that we are all brethren and made in the image of God. This aspect also has ramifications about the angelic host. We are all to become brothers and part of the City of God where God is all in all. Look at the paper The City of God (No. 180).

Are Jehovah and Jehovah of Hosts one and the same, or are we talking about different beings? 

A: We are talking about different beings. Yahovah or Jehovah in English (there is no J in Hebrew) was allotted Israel as his possession by the Most High (Deut. 32:8 esp. RSV). The Most High or “Elyon” is Yahovah of Hosts. All beings who act for Yahovah of Hosts have the title, “Yahovah.” Christ was the key figure in the Old Testament as the Great Angel of Yahovah who had this title, but there were others. In Genesis, chapters 18 and 19, we see three Yahovahs who came to see Abraham. The senior remained with Abraham and the other two went on to Lot at Sodom.

They destroyed Sodom by calling down fire from Yahovah in Heaven. Thus there were four there and the One in Heaven who sent the fire down on Sodom. That One is Yahovah of Hosts. He sent Messiah to the world as the giver of the Law and as the protector of Israel. Look also at the papers The Names of God (No. 116); The Pre-Existence of Jesus Christ (No. 243); The Angel of YHVH (No. 24) and Early Theology of the Godhead (No. 127)The creation had a purpose and Christ had a role in the creation given to him by “Yahovah of Hosts” who is “Yahovih” (cf. The Purpose of the Creation and the Sacrifice of Christ (No. 160)).

In your writings you make a distinction between Yahovah (SHD 3068) and Yahovih (SHD 3069). You state that Yahovih (3069) is superior to Yahovah (3068). It is my understanding that the original script is just the Tetragrammaton that is translated YHVH with no vowels. If I am correct, how did the translators come up with 2 different versions of the word and make one superior to the other when they both were YHVH?

A: The Hebrew Text has preserved these distinctions. The alteration by the Sopherim of “Yahovah” to “Adonai” is a basis for the vowel point argument from Adonai. Look at the comments in Strong’s Hebrew Dictionary for 3068 and 3069. You will see there the distinctions. 3068 is read as “Adonai” and 3069 is read as “elohim.”

I was reading the paper Law and the Second Commandment (No. 254) and in Deuteronomy 11:17 ‘Lord’ is referenced both ways in the same verse. Is this a misprint or are we talking about 2 different beings? If so please explain the difference. Also explain 2Corinthians 6:17-18. 

A: The word translated “Lord” in the text is “Yahovah” (SHD 3068) (cf. Green’s Interlinear Bible). The Septuagint makes no distinction in the use of “Kurios,” and it is also translated the same way.

In 2Corinthians 6:17-18, it is speaking of the “Lord Almighty” and there is no distinction. There is a distinction between the entities, as in Zechariah 2:8-11. The “Yahovah” sent to save Israel and Jerusalem is sent by “Yahovah of Hosts.” This is the distinction in Psalm 45:6-7 and seen in Hebrews 1:8-9 as “Messiah.”

Can God look on sin? I heard a sermon where the minister said “God can’t look on sin, that’s why Christ said ‘my God, my God, why have you forsaken me’ as he bore the sins of the world.” Is this true?

A: Yes, God can look on sin but we ask Him not to (Ps. 51:9ff.; Isa. 59:2).

That statement is a myth spread by people who have never read the Psalms properly. The text spoken by Christ was an Aramaic form of the Hebrew in Psalm 22:1. In Psalm 22:24 we read that God did not hide his face from him.

The events in Psalm 22 all refer to Christ and his actual crucifixion. Verse 24 says:

“For He has not despised nor abhorred the affliction of the afflicted; Neither has He hid His face from him; But when he cried unto Him, He heard.”

This fiction is designed to deal with the concept of the reparation for sin without real understanding or acknowledging the Wave Sheaf offering and the true concepts of the Passover. Because they do not obey God’s laws and kept pagan systems, they do not understand Scripture and the Laws of God. The matter of the crucifixion and the aspects of Psalm 22 are examined in the papers on the web at http://www.ccg.org and http://www.logon.org

Ezra 9:15 refers to God being righteous, and Psalm 119:172 refers to God’s Law being righteous. Is there a connection between God and His Law? 

A: God is holy (Ps. 145:17), perfect (Mat. 5:48), righteous (Ps. 145:17), good (Ps. 25:8) and true (Deut. 32:4) and His Law is holy (Rom. 7:12), perfect (Ps. 19:7), righteous (Ps. 119:172), good (Rom. 7:12), and true (Ps. 119:142). This is because the Law proceeds from the nature of God and not from His whim. This is analysed in the papers Distinction in the Law (No. 96) and Love and the Structure of the Law (No. 200).

Spiritual Creation

Angel of YHVH

It was my understanding that “YHVH of Hosts” is the Father and the King is Christ (Zech. 9:9), but in Zechariah 14:16 we are told “all shall even go up from year to year to worship the King, the LORD of Hosts.” Does Christ also have this title “YHVH of Hosts” or is this speaking of “worshipping” both the King and YHVH of Hosts?

A: Christ is given the names he is by the Father and acts for the Father under His delegation. God is King of Kings and Lord of Lords, and yet we see Christ coming as King of Kings and Lord of Lords strapped, as a title, to his thigh (Rev. 19:15-16). Only Yahovah of Hosts is worshipped and as such He is King. The title is given to Christ as it is also given to the elect.

Christ is also given a new name in this process, which will also be written on the elect (Rev. 3:12). We have all been redeemed to be a nation of kings and priests (cf. Rev. chs. 4 and 5 for the council and their statements about the saints and the Messiah).

Because some of these titles given to Christ overlap with titles ascribed to Almighty God, many have misconstrued the intent and believed that Christ is somehow God as God is God, being part of a Trinitarian, Binitarian or Ditheistic Godhead.

This is not the case. These titles given to Christ all convey the concept of delegated authority, even as the Mal’ak of YHVH was termed YHVH and Elohim because he represented YHVH of Hosts (Eloah). See the papers Isaiah 9:6 (No. 224) and The Names of God (No. 116))

In Daniel 2:45 we read about the Stone that was cut out of the Mountain and then in Daniel 7:13-14 we read about the coronation of the Son before the Ancient of Days. It appears the Son came from the Father differently than all the other creation. It almost seems like a type of cloning the Father did on Himself. Could you comment on this? If this is different from the creation of angels and the physical creation, then it would be quite acceptable to “worship” the Son in addition to the Father. He really would be in the Father and the Father in Him.

A: Christ was generated by God in the same way all the sons of God were generated by God. Christ was sent to earth in a different way and was the “only born god,” the “monogenes Theos” of John 1:18. The vision of Daniel 2 is covered in the papers on the nature of God series of the Bible Study Program (No. B1). Look especially at the paper How God Became a Family (No. 187).

No, it would not be acceptable to worship the Son as the Father. The Bible is clear that he who sanctifies and they who are sanctified are of one origin (Heb. 2:11). The doctrine that Father and Son were one God, and the son was worshipped and came to be sacrificed is the doctrine of Attis, and entered Christianity in the Council of the fourth century. “Have we not all one Father? Hath not one God created us?”(Mal. 2:10)

Who was the great Angel who was with Israel in the Old Testament? 

A: The belief of the Church in the first and second centuries was that this was Christ. He gave the Law of God to Moses. Justin Martyr, in writing to the Roman Emperor (ca. 150) in his “First Apology,” states categorically that it was the belief of the Christian Church that the Great Angel of the Old Testament who gave the Law to Moses was Christ. That is the teaching of the Original Catholic Church. See also www.originalcatholicchurch.org. Look at the papers The Angel of YHVH (No. 24)The Early Theology of the Godhead (No. 127) and The Pre-Existence of Jesus Christ (No. 243).

Who was it who spoke to Abraham? Was it Jesus? Who destroyed the cities?

A: It was the angel of Yahovah who became Jesus Christ. He was termed Yahovah, as were the other two angels who came with him to meet Abraham, and then the other two Yahovahs went on to Lot at Sodom and Gomorrah. They (Yahovah) then called fire down on the cities from Yahovah out of Heaven (Gen. 19:24). This Yahovah in Heaven was Yahovah of Hosts or Yahovih. These matters are explained in the papers: The Elect as Elohim (No. 1); The Angel of YHVH (No. 24); The Names of God (No. 116) and The Pre-Existence of Jesus Christ (No. 243).

If no man has seen God as John states, then who was it that Moses saw? Didn’t he see God? 

A: No, Moses did not see the One True God. Christ said no man has seen his form or heard his voice at any time so also repeated by John and Paul (Jn. 1:18; 1Jn. 5:20; 1Tim. 6:16). The belief of the early Church was that the Angel of the Old Testament that gave the Law to Moses was Christ. See the papers The Angel of YHVH (No. 24); The Pre-Existence of Jesus Christ (No. 243) and Early Theology of the Godhead (No. 127).

In Exodus (referring to the 10 plagues) who was giving Aaron and Moses instructions for the pharaoh?

A: The being that was with Israel in the wilderness was the rock that was Christ. He was the Angel of the Old Testament who gave the Law to Moses at Sinai. This was the teaching of the original Church and it is the teaching of the Church today (cf. Justin Martyr, First Apology). Look at the papers: The Angel of YHVH (No. 24); Early Theology of the Godhead (No. 127) and The Pre-Existence of Jesus Christ (No. 243).

Sons of God

How many sons of God does the Bible say there are? 

A: The sons of God are mentioned in the texts in the Old Testament, but no number is given. Deuteronomy 32:8 shows the nations were allocated to the sons of God according to their number (this was altered later in the Masoretic Text but the RSV has the text correct). So we have 70 by tradition for this, but we know it was much more than that from the vision in Elijah. Job 1:6; 2:1; and 38:4-7 just mentions the sons of God and the Morning Stars.

Job 33:23 indicates there are a thousand in the structure capable of ransoming men. We get the term “myriads” used of them and the term “armies” is also applied to them (Rev. 19:14). The book of Revelation gives a number of 200 million horsemen which are marshalled by the four angels bound at the Euphrates for the time appointed to slay a third of mankind (Rev. 9:16). These may well be men and not of the heavenly host.

We have no way of knowing if this reference is an exhaustive number or not. Thus, the number of the sons of God, sometimes termed Messengers, in the texts is perhaps 200 Million, but certainly numbered as armies. Perhaps they are as many as people have been since Adam. We will know when we get to The City of God (No. 180) and are joined with them as a living Temple and residence for God and the Lamb.

Could you explain the differences between all the heavenly beings – sons of God, Angels, Cherubim, Nephilim? Are all sons of God Angels, and all Angels sons of God?

A: All the heavenly host are sons of God. The ones sent to mankind are messengers, termed angels. These are in ranks and positions: Cherubim, Seraphim, and Morning Stars. All are sons of God. Christ is one of them.

The Nephilim are the product of the fallen host. See the paper The Nephilim (No. 154). They have no resurrection. The demons are the sons of God who fell from grace. We will all be Sons of God. Look at the papers How God Became a Family (No. 187); The Government of God (No. 174) and The Elect as Elohim (No. 1).

Can you explain in a nutshell about the 24 thrones and 24 elders?

A: The inner council of the elohim has thirty beings. These thirty are comprised of the twenty-four elders under the High Priest, who is Messiah. The four Living Creatures are the cherubim around the throne of God. They have the elders allocated to them on the basis of two to a system, with three systems making six to a division. God is in the centre at the throne. This makes thirty.

There are others who then make up the council of the seventy. This structure was reflected in the system in Israel, and at the Tabernacle and the Temple. The twenty-four division high priests and the High priest reflected the council of the elders. The seventy plus two reflected the outer council. Israel was divided into four divisions of twelve tribes, three tribes to a division, and with the priesthood of Levi at the tabernacle or throne (see Numbers 10). The divisions of the priesthood were allotted to the division of the tribes. The structure is also covered in the paper The Government of God (No. 174)Look also at How God Became a Family (No. 187).

What are the 4 living creatures and of what importance are they?

A: The Four Living Creatures are the anointed covering Cherubs that stand before the throne of God. The Ark carries two on the Lapporah or cover and another two stand over them. Look at the papers The Ark of the Covenant (No. 196) and The Meaning of Ezekiel’s Vision (No. 108). The paper The Government of God (No. 174) explains their function.

The four living creatures and the Council discharge function within the Host related to administration and judgment. They are in effect quadrant commanders of the universe and cover the throne of God.

The living creatures represent the four stages of the history of the priesthood and Israel. The first stage was the tabernacle of the wilderness and the Judges. The second stage or cherub was as the first Temple from Solomon to the captivity. The third stage was from the reestablishment after the return to the destruction in 70 CE and the fourth stage was as the era of the seven churches until the return of the Messiah.

Each stage is as a covering cherub that protects the throne of God and by human hands (under the wings) accomplishes His purpose on earth. The living creatures have been described elsewhere in the Bible but the symbolism of the form has a much deeper meaning than that of a created oddity with four different faces. In Revelation 4:6-8 we see the same faces but separate as four living creatures each with one of the faces but with six wings.

Do the four rivers flowing from Eden have anything symbolically to do with the four Cherubim around the throne of God? 

A: Yes, symbolically the rivers represent the four divisions of the creation. The creation and the role of the cherubim have been examined in a number of works. These are The Government of God (No. 174); The Purpose of the Creation and the Sacrifice of Christ (No. 160)The Doctrine of Original Sin Part I The Garden of Eden (No. 246) and How God Became a Family (No. 187).

You referred to the man and lion-headed systems; what are the roles or duties of these positions?

A: They are the quadrant commanders of God’s system. They are anointed covering cherubs, and they also appear as such in the Temple in Ezekiel. Revelation shows that they are at the throne of God. They occupy the position senior to the 24 elders, and they are seen in Ezekiel chapter 1 et seq where they are identified as the Cherubim. They have set areas of responsibility as we see from the fact that they do not change their orientation no matter where the throne is headed. Look at the papers: The Meaning of Ezekiel’s Vision (No. 108); How God Became a Family (No. 187); The Government of God (No. 174) and The City of God (No. 180).

Please give me as much information about the Hosts as you can. Who exactly are they, how many, their function and roll? Was Jesus part of the Host?

A: The Host are the sons of God. They are called messengers only from the fact of their mission to man. Angel is a derivation of the Greek word for messenger. “Malak” in the Hebrew has become “Malaikat” in the Arabic, and on into the Indonesian etc.

The Host are centred on the throne of God and serve Him. Christ was one of those sons of God in the beginning. The process is explained in the papers How God Became a Family (No. 187); The Government of God (No. 174) and The Pre-Existence of Jesus Christ (No. 243).

We are to become sons of God and elohim and that is covered in the paper The Elect as Elohim (No. 1). The Meaning of Ezekiel’s Vision (No. 108) also has information of interest regarding the Cherubim. How we all fit together is covered in the paper The City of God (No. 180).

What was the cause of the rebellion of the host?

A: It was always understood as being their objection to our creation. The Koran gives this as the specific reason. That is why Satan is the accuser of the brethren. They accuse us night and day to God. Look at the papers How God Became a Family (No. 187) and The Government of God (No. 174)Lost Sheep and the Prodigal Son (No. 199) is also of interest in this matter as is The Judgment of the Demons (No. 80).

Could a cherub rebel and lose his position? If so what does the future hold for him? 

A: Yes one, Satan, and perhaps two did rebel. They can repent like all of God’s sons. Look at the paper The Judgment of the Demons (No. 80) and also Lost Sheep and the Prodigal Son (No. 199)God’s mercy endures forever.

If one third of the host rebelled and there are 30 in the inner council one could speculate 10 rebelled. Is that why there are 10 components; 7 church eras, 2 witnesses, and Messiah needed to repair the problem/breach created by the hosts rebellion?

A: One might speculate that way and it would seem logical; however, the figures used by the Satanist cells are of the order of twelve/twelve. It seems they actually might have got more from the inner council than a third. However, over all they got a third as it says. Perhaps it was two cherubs and the ten. We will know when we get to Jerusalem and Christ gives us new information.

The ten components of the Temple are not related to individuals, save in the Messiah and the two witnesses. The seven are churches unless we identify the seven angels of the seven churches as potential replacements in the host, and the human elements as the new section. 

If the fallen angelic host (the demons) can repent and still become sons of God, then maybe you believe that the unrepentant demons will be killed forever? What is the difference then, between us and them? Are people just another more creative way of doing the same thing that is done with angels?

A: Yes, that is the answer. The human creation with the family system was another way of giving the angels similar responsibilities of the human family, but with greater oversight. When Satan objected to our creation and the third of the host objected and rebelled with him, they were then given responsibility for us. They became our accusers instead of our spiritual parents. They became an obstruction to the plan and our salvation. After the final rebellion at the end of the Millennium, the demons will be reduced to physical form and die. This is the sense of being brought down to the side of the Pit and to die like any man, as we see in Ezekiel 28 and also the same sense in Isaiah 14. This aspect has been examined in the paper The Fall of Egypt The Prophecy of Pharaoh’s Broken Arms (No 36) and Lucifer: Light Bearer and Morning Star (No. 223). They will then be placed within the physical resurrection at the Second or General Resurrection of the Dead. One can imagine the difficulties they will face when dealt with, in examining their roles over the last 6000 years and the havoc they caused even by simply failing to prevent false action, let alone actually inducing it in the human host.

It was probably to escape this accounting that they developed the theory and doctrine among the mystery cults, especially the Orphic, of the daemon among the humans which was a fallen theos or god, and which had to be purged in order to return to heaven. The inducement of humans in the endeavour was probably a reaction and a desire to be returned to their former estate without enduring the process of the second and physical resurrection under the human elect of the First Resurrection.

The soul doctrine is an invention of Socrates of the “psuche” in reaction to the Orphic doctrines, and from which we get the immortal soul and which later went to the heaven of the Gnostics. The eternal soul is another lie, on the same vein as demons cannot die and they cannot repent. Christ was reduced from one of the elohim to the form of a man and he died on the cross, was resurrected and ascended into heaven. If he could do that, then so can any one of the demons. God has no limitations in the creation. Look at the papers The Pre-Existence of Jesus Christ (No. 243); The Judgment of the Demons (No. 80); The Resurrection of the Dead (No. 143); The Soul (No. 92); Lost Sheep and the Prodigal Son (No. 199)and The Socratic Doctrine of the Soul (No. B6).

I have read up on the paper entitled The Nephilim (No. 154). The angels involved in this sin to create Nephilim were clearly male in origin. So, does that mean that all the spiritual creation is closer to a male type as we understand male and female, or are there also spirit beings that would be closer to the female species? 

A: The sons of God have the capacity to materialise in whatever form. If they can appear as a man, they can also appear as a woman and do appear as women often, hence Fatima etc. They appeared as Balaam’s donkey in one instance. Satan is termed the serpent and may well have literally appeared to Eve in that guise. We make the mistake of thinking that the Spirit world is just another copy of this one. We see through a glass darkly.

The Spirit world has the capacity to move through time and space without the limitations we understand or think within. Mass, space, time, gravity and energy are equivalent expressions of the single fundamental essence we understand as spirit. Some of our scientists have made the error of assuming an immanent God from this basis.

The sons of God were all gathered together here when the world was created. Their leaders, the Morning Stars, sang for joy. Satan was among them as a Morning Star and the anointed Covering Cherub. The function of woman was the capacity by which God would produce more sons of God.

Demons appeared as men to interfere with the creation. They may well have become women but then they would have been tied to the creation and the upbringing of the cuckoos they laid. They were probably emotionally immature for that responsibility without the Holy Spirit of God. Also, the woman was the one they influenced. They lost the Holy Spirit when they finally rebelled and were cast from heaven. They then had to produce the pseudo logon. Thus, they are no longer consubstantial. Look at the paper Consubstantial with the Father (No. 81).

We will all be asexual in the resurrection. The second physical resurrection also seems to demand that asexuality. Look at the paper The Resurrection of the Dead (No. 143) and Outline Timetable of the Age (No. 272).

Are you aware of any scriptures besides Psalm 8:5 that refer to spirit beings (other than the Father and the One that became Christ) as elohim?

A: Yes, there are a few texts. Moses is referred to as an elohim in Exodus 7:1. Abraham is referred to as an elohim in the original Hebrew text in Genesis 23:6, which is termed Mighty Prince in the English.

Satan is referred to as an elohim or theoi in various texts. Paul says there are many theoi (theoi polloi) or elohim in the New Testament. Zechariah 12:8 said that the household of David will become elohim with the Angel of Yahovah (Jehovah) at our head. It is written: “I said ye are gods and Scripture cannot be broken” (Jn. 10:34-35). Look at the paper The Elect as Elohim (No. 1).

Psalm 45:6-7 says that Christ, our elohim, was anointed with the oil of gladness above his partners. Thus, there is a council. Psalm 82 deals with this aspect. The other references are covered in that paper. Also look at the The Angel of YHVH (No. 24).

Are the 1000 sacrifices offered by Solomon in the Tabernacle referring to the council of the 1000 sons of God? Just as Job 33:23-24 talks of one of 1000 and redemption through Messiah; or Genesis 20:16 mentions the 1000 pieces of silver to Abraham for the vindication of Sarah but the entire council needed the appeasement for the offence; or Song of Songs with 1000 shields (Eph. 6:16 shield of faith to quench all the fiery darts of the wicked.) Bottom line, do all these scriptures tie to God’s administrative council of a 1000?

A: Yes, the reference in Genesis 20:16 is in fact an appeasement along the lines we see in Job, where the redemption was from one of the 1000. And the irony of Abimelech, in using the term brother, is because of the sin and damage he suffered.

The notion of being protected by the host is evident as well, as being redeemed by one of the 1000. This is fairly esoteric ground now. Nothing turns on it, other than the view that sin was an offence against God. That was why thirty pieces of silver was paid for Christ. Because it was an offence against the council and it was also deemed the price of a slave

Lucifer

What does the name Lucifer mean?

A: Lucifer means Light bearer. The name comes from his function as the Morning Star of this planet. It is an educative and controlling role which is taken up by Christ and the elect at the end of the age, in the not too distant future, for the millennial reign. The terms are covered in the paper Lucifer: Light Bearer and Morning Star (No. 223).

In remembering that Satan came before God with the angels as told in Job, I am wondering if he still has this access to God and does he still have influence on the angels?

A: Yes, he is the accuser of our brethren and he still has one third of the host under him. Some are held to have repented from the activities of the early Church. He is cast down and knows his time is short. Christ said He saw Satan fall like lightning from heaven. Thus, he must be cast down. Revelation speaks of the short time and his fury against the Church because of that short time. We are in that time. In fact, we are past the 1260 years of the woman in the wilderness. The Fifth Seal is still continuing and the woman that rides the beast, who is drunk on the blood of the saints, is about to be destroyed. Look at the paper Outline Timetable of the Age (No. 272) and also The Role of the Fourth Commandment in the Historical Sabbath-keeping Churches of God (No. 170).

I believe that Lucifer and Satan are one and the same being. This presents a bit of a problem though for this would mean that Satan was not always evil wouldn’t it? This is looking more like it may be true as Ezekiel 28:15 shows him being perfect from the day he was created. So how better can one be than perfection?

A: Lucifer was the anointed covering Cherub of the Throne of God and he was perfect among the sons of God. Lucifer means, “light bearer” and thus he was the educator of the host and Morning Star of the planet. See the paper Lucifer: Light Bearer and Morning Star (No. 223).

He and the fallen host became iniquitous. They sinned and tried to grasp equality with God. They failed in the test of faith. They became accusers of the brethren at the creation of Adam. Christ was not, and did not seek co-equality with God and did not try to grasp what was not His. He preferred to be given and earn the gift of power by obedience, and so He became a man and He humbled himself unto death, even death on the stake (Phil. 2:5-7). See the paper The Purpose of the Creation and the Sacrifice of Christ (No. 160).

He became a son of God in power by His resurrection from the dead (Rom. 1:4). See the paper The Pre-Existence of Jesus Christ (No. 243). All of God’s creation is perfect, but we have the choice to mess it up, and we have done so. The Plan is perfect and includes a safety net, so we will all attain to perfection in God’s time. Look at the paper Outline Timetable of the Age (No. 272).

Some of my friends believe the earth is the place of restraint for the angels that sinned. In Luke 8:31 I read where the demons begged not to be cast into the deep or the Abyss. Also Revelation 9:11, 11:7,17:8, IPeter 3:19, IIPeter 2:4 and Jude 6 leads me to believe there is more to this than just the earth in general. Is Abaddon/Apollyon a king restrained also for a future release or is he the same as Satan? Where might this place be? The ocean possibly?

A: The New Testament term is also “Tartaros” which is reserved specifically for the fallen host. Abbadon or Appollyon is the destroyer and, as such, it is another term for Satan and the system he commands. The fallen host or demons have power over the earth and over mankind for 6000 years. At the return of the Messiah, Satan and the demons are restrained for the thousand years of the Millennium.

The pit is death and the texts indicate that the demons are made to die like any man. They are then dealt with in the Second Resurrection like anyone else. This matter has been examined in the papers The Judgment of the Demons (No. 80) and in Lost Sheep and the Prodigal Son (No. 199)The timing of the activities is seen from the paper Outline Timetable of the Age (No. 272).

Angels

When asked what is the function of angels or what are they, the most common answer heard is that they are simply messengers indicating that they are basically footmen or errand boys. This does not exactly add up. For instance, the 38th chapter of Job is an explanation to Job as to how everything was created. At verse 7, it says that the sons of God, shouted for joy at the creation. I believe sons of God here refers to the angels, so if they were already around at the creation of the earth, and before the creation of man, then what were they doing up to this point?

A: Yes, that is the point. Angel is from the Greek “aggellos” meaning “messenger” which was applied to the heavenly beings. In the Septuagint the word “aggellos” was used to translate various concepts. It was used to translate “Sons of God” in Deuteronomy 32:8. During the post-Temple period, Jewish scribes changed that to read “Sons of Israel” to get away from the concept of there being sons of God in charge of Israel, as Christ was associated with the Angel of Yahovah as a son of God.

The LXX of Isaiah 9:6 says, “Angel of Great Counsel” for the Messiah who was son of God. Job 1:6 and 2:1 use the term “Aggeloi”, “Angels of God” for the “sons of God.” The same is also in Job 38:4-7 where “angels” were used for “sons of God”. The understanding of the meaning of the Hebrew texts is starting to slip by this time. And the concept of the Hebrew Morning Stars is not well understood by the translators in the LXX translation. Nehemiah says they had to explain the Hebrew to the populace during his time because they no longer understood it, speaking only Aramaic.

Basically, an Angel was a messenger. Before the creation there was no one to carry messages to, and so they were simply all sons of God. When men were created they were sent to men as messengers, and so all of them who were in that capacity were angels. Look at the papers The Angel of YHVH (No. 24)The Pre-Existence of Jesus Christ (No. 243) and How God Became a Family (No. 187)For the long-term plan look at the paper The City of God (No. 180).

Were some people able to recognise angels as soon as they saw them and yet others did not? If they appear as humans are we supposed to know they are angels? 

A: The Patriarchs recognised them, as we see by what they did and said in the Bible. It’s the “duck test.” If it walks like a duck and quacks like a duck, it’s a duck. Sometimes they are with us and we are not informed. We entertain angels unawares (Heb. 13:2). God makes His wishes known through His servants the prophets (Amos 3:7).

These people speak for God. So too, the sons of God in the heavenly Host speak for God, and are sent to men as “angels” or messengers. Look at the papers on the sons of God for example The Angel of YHVH (No. 24) and How God Became a Family (No. 187).

I have been presented with Genesis 48:16 as a supporting scripture to pray to angels. What is the correct understanding of this text?

A: This text, and the comment by Stephen, is the only text in the Bible where Christ is addressed in prayer. Moses spoke to him face to face, and stood between him and Israel, as did David. David addresses him is Psalm 45:6-7. When he says: “Therefore God thy God has anointed thee with the oil of gladness above thy partners.” In each of the cases concerned, it is a direct request to Christ in his role as protector of Israel. Look at the paper The Pre-Existence of Jesus Christ (No. 243).

In each case they are used as teaching comments. How would we know that the Angel of Redemption was the elohim of Israel (Zech. 12:8; Heb. 1:8-9), appointed by his God, unless we had the direct testimony of the Patriarchs in the Scriptures to demonstrate this fact? They reflect the direct relationship of the prophets with Christ. We pray to and worship only the One True God.

Physical Creation

Nephilim

Were there human beings alive on this planet before Adam, and when was Adam created? 

A: According to Bishop Ussher’s chronology, Adam was created in 4004 BCE. We know from archaeology that there were beings created on this planet before Homo Sapiens existed.

Thus, there was another creation prior to Adam. The discussion on what the Bible has to say about this is carried on in the works The Nephilim (No. 154) and Doctrine of Original Sin Part 2 The Generations of Adam (No. 248).

The interpretation of Genesis to confine the creation to the sons of Seth and the sons of Cain was an invention by Augustine of Hippo in the early fifth century. It denied the understanding of the ancients and left Christianity entirely unprepared to cope with the modern scientific finds of the last two hundred years. This one single false doctrine of Augustine has made the destruction of Creation theory with the false doctrine of evolution possible.

Are you aware of any information in the comparison of pre-Adam humanoid DNA and post-Adam DNA? Do you see any conflict with Bible scripture and archaeology finds?

A: Yes, recent tests made on the Neanderthals have isolated their DNA structure and it is a 27-strand system whereas a human is an 8-strand. We are trying to isolate the Cro-Magnon to see the exact divergence between it and modern humans. There seems to be a reluctance to discuss this issue of release of any results, if tests have in fact been done. What we have so far is indicative that modern primates are of a totally unrelated creation to the Neanderthals. The humanoids we have so far from Australia, such as the Arunka and Kowe Swamp people, have marked divergences from modern humans. Their mitochondrial DNA differs from modern humans. The Lake Nitchie Male was a giant. These aspects have been covered in the paper The Nephilim (No. 154).

I understand that the pre-Adamic creation was inferior and as stated in Isaiah has no resurrection. The Nephilim are not resurrected because they are not fit physical receptacles able to be acted upon by the Holy Spirit. Is this correct? After 6000 years of misrule of this planet multiple vectors such as viruses, transposons, etc that are able to insert foreign genetic material into our DNA could cause man to become nearly as corrupt as the Nephilim. If the fallen host were given a much longer time period than 6000 years, they could achieve what they tried to achieve with the Nephilim. Do you agree with this?

A: The solution is that the Creation was made in the image of God so that the Holy Spirit could be implanted or superimposed over it. The degradation of the species is certainly happening. It is probable that the limitation of the creation to 6000 years was to limit the degradation of the species by its genetic isolation and other problems. The lessening of the life spans indicates a problem. Also, it appears that there has been a deliberate attempt to interfere with the DNA makeup of humans by the Host through the pre-flood structure of the Nephilim.

There is no doubt that the Neanderthals were of a completely different system but the later structure was not. Neanderthals reportedly have a 27-strand system and the current primates have an 8-strand system. We have more in common with chimpanzee DNA than with the Neanderthals. Our capacity to survive may well be limited if it went any longer than 6000 years unchecked.

I’ve read several responses on resurrection and you state that the Nephilim have no resurrection, but Satan and his demons will have a chance to repent. Can you explain why?

A: The fallen host were all part of God’s Creation and were made in his image and through His will. They can repent and can be used. The Nephilim were not part of God’s Creation. They were made by the fallen host specifically to frustrate the Plan of God, and they are not in the image of God. Thus, they cannot function with the Holy Spirit as the demons are able to do.

God is obliged logically and morally to extend repentance to His Creation, but not to things created by the demons contrary to His Will. Thus, He will extend that capacity to the demons and they will be judged by us according to Scripture (1Cor. 6:3). In like manner, He has said that capacity will not be extended to the Nephilim. They have no resurrection (Isa. 26:14). Look at the papers The Judgment of the Demons (No. 80); The Resurrection of the Dead (No. 143) and Lost Sheep and the Prodigal Son (No. 199).

Noah was chosen to be saved in the Ark because his lineage was perfect. I understand that to mean that his lineage was not corrupted by the Nephilim. All these humans that were corrupted by the Nephilim and died in the flood would be resurrected wouldn’t they? If all of the Nephilim did not perish in the flood, are their descendants subject to resurrection or not?

A: No, the Nephilim/Rephaim have no resurrection as we know from Isaiah 26:13. The whole matter of who they were and what happened before and after the flood is covered in the paper The Nephilim (No. 154).

Adam and Eve

Why would God desire a physical human creation when He had already created spirit angelic beings to be sons of God? Why not just create more angels? What is the difference in the roles of entering His family?

A: This question is perhaps the most fundamental question to the plan of salvation. God could have made spiritual sons as many as He needed or wanted. Why then did he create a weaker physical creation that was then placed under the spiritual creation?

The same question then applies to the physical creation. Why did God create humans in a sequence of breeding animals that would suffer and perhaps die in the process? Why did they eventually die anyway? Why did He not create them all at once and simply educate them?

The answer is both simple and complex. In this way He would have to be obeyed and the entire creation would have to walk by faith. The angelic host would have to see the physical creation destined for some event as sons of God and would have to walk by faith and nurture them as ministering spirits as parents nurture children. The human creation could see even less and that is why faith exhibited in them is greater.

Satan used the creation to bring one third of the host to rebellion. These rebellious sons were then placed in charge of the creation to test both and to judge both.

The church is a group called out to test and judge the demons as they are measured against the standard we set. In the Millennium we will do the job they were set to do now under God’s laws. The demons decided to create another system with another structure of worship that does not work. So we see that the structure was made to ensure that the elect walked by faith and only those who exercise faith and obedience are made sons of God in power from the resurrection of the dead.

The sons of God had to be tested by faith and tested by their duties. Thus the spiritual creation was tested by the physical creation and both come to salvation together. Look at the papers How God Became a Family (No. 187); The Judgment of the Demons (No. 80); The Purpose of the Creation and the Sacrifice of Christ (No. 160) and The City of God (No. 180).

What is mankind’s ultimate destiny?

A: The purpose of the creation of man is to rule as God (Zech. 12:8). The name Israel means literally “he shall rule as God.” We were created to raise ourselves and the sons of God of the Angelic host in a sense of mutual interaction and shared responsibility. We are to get ourselves, and the Host, through the Resurrections to the City of God. Look at the papers The Purpose of the Creation and the Sacrifice of Christ (No. 160) and The City of God (No. 180). We will rule the heavens and we can only guess, at present, at what God has in store for us and the rest of the Host (1Cor. 2:9; Deut. 4:19).

In the Garden of Eden, why didn’t Adam rebuke Eve for eating the fruit of the tree of knowledge of good and evil, instead of following along with her?

  1. It was his responsibility to rebuke her. He did not and the way we are dealt with was changed. However, God knew that he would do it and that it would also become necessary to send Christ to become leader as the slain lamb. We were written in the Book of the Lamb, The Book of Life and of the Resurrection from the foundation of the world.

Thus, God understood the events and they were provided for in the system of Salvation. Look at the papers The Doctrine of Original Sin Part I The Garden of Eden (No. 246) and Doctrine of Original Sin Part 2 The Generations of Adam (No. 248).

The Old Testament says that Adam was created about 5000 years before Jesus Christ, but actually there have been several civilisations like the Pharaohs in year 4200 BCE and the Chinese before that. Scientifically, they found some human bones dated millions of years back. How can we justify this contradiction? 

A: According to Ussher’s chronology, which follows the Bible, Adam was created in 4005/4 BCE. The explanation of the pre-Adamic creation is contained in the paper The Nephilim (No. 154)Look also at the papers The Doctrine of Original Sin Part 1 The Garden of Eden (No. 246) and Doctrine of Original Sin Part 2 The Generations of Adam (No. 248).

Do you have any idea why so many of the children’s stories only represent Adam and Eve sinning and making themselves loin coverings of fig leaves (Gen. 3:7)? Most accounts stop the story there and do not explain the time frame, how Adam and Eve were being taught by God, or how even after their sin God made them garments of skin and clothed Adam and his wife (Gen.3:21).

A: The stopping of the text here is based on a number of false premises. Firstly, the efforts by them were man-made efforts and in contrast to the God-made clothing of animal skins. The emphasis is thus on the human effort and not on God’s effort (cf. Rom. 8:3).

The popular presentations are for a number of reasons. The Gnostics and their doctrines were ascetic vegetarians and wished to conceal the fact of the killing of animals and the consumption of meat. Look at the paper Vegetarianism and the Bible (No. 183).

The leaves also have symbolism among the mystery cults. Thus, they were portrayed more readily. The oak leaves are clearly condemned in the Bible. The priests of Attis in Rome also tattooed themselves with ivy leaves, which were sacred to their god. Thus, the leaf is often used in their symbols, as was the phallus or Asherah, and the kid.

Was the forbidden fruit really an apple? I don’t see that in my Bible, could you tell me where it says that Eve ate an apple? 

A: The notion that Eve gave Adam an apple is not biblical. It comes from the myths and mysteries and is associated with the golden fruit of discord. The full story is contained in the paper The Doctrine of Original Sin Part 1 The Garden of Eden (No. 246).

I believe in God but one thing I have difficulty understanding is if “Adam and Eve” were supposedly the first humans on earth, then where did all the distinct races of man come from? 

A: There is only one race, the human race. We are all brothers. The tongues were confused at Babel. It is a bit like the breeding of animals. The darker skinned people were basically developed, in terms of skin pigmentation, over many years. The fairer ones were in countries where they wore more clothing. However, they are still the same people with the same basic structure. The blood types or categories vary from east to west but they still have the same basic varieties.

In animal terms, we can say that the German Shepherd and the Sheepdog both come from the wolf, and not so long ago. Even though they look different they are both dogs. The creation is dealt with at The Doctrine of Original Sin Part 1 The Garden of Eden (No. 246) and the Doctrine of Original Sin Part 2 The Generations of Adam (No. 248). The pre-Adamic creation destroyed with the flood is covered in the paper The Nephilim (No. 154).

All variations of the human species are explicable in the variations we see occurring from pigmentation and family/tribal likenesses. The finds in the Choukoutien Cave in China indicate the coexistence of families with what we consider vast racial differences within what appears to be the one family group.

These findings by anthropologists are examined in the light of a series of humanoids that existed before modern man but which have no link to them. This matter is examined in the paper The Nephilim (No. 154). The matters have also been examined in the paper The Fall of Egypt (No. 36)This complex matter is too large to be explained here in detail.

God’s word teaches that it is incest to marry a brother or sister, yet how else could the family of Adam and Eve grow? Is it possible He made wives for the sons as He made one for Adam? 

A: This matter is explained in the papers Rachel and the Law (No. 281) and Doctrine of Original Sin Part 2 The Generations of Adam (No. 248)It is also forbidden in other aspects, but Lot produced Ammon and Moab through his daughters contrary to Law. They perceived it as necessity knowing that the world would end by fire and they believed they were in that position then.

‘And Cain knew his wife’. Was she his sister? Why could she live alone before marriage, without being afraid of wild animals?

A: She may have been his sister or she may have been one of the Nephilim. It is likely that she was his sister as that was the only explanation for the sons of Adam keeping their generations pure. Look at the paper The Doctrine of Original Sin Part 1 The Garden of Eden (No. 246)Doctrine of Original Sin Part 2 The Generations of Adam (248) and The Nephilim (No. 154).

Did man eat vegetables or meat first? I say vegetables since they were easier to get than hunting meat.

A: It is believed man had a balanced diet from the beginning (Gen. 1:28-30). The Adamic species has a delineated process from the Bible record. This is covered in the papers The Doctrine of Original Sin Part I The Garden of Eden (No. 246) and Doctrine of Original Sin Part 2 The Generations of Adam (No. 248) and also Vegetarianism and the Bible (No. 183)The paper, The Nephilim (No. 154) might give you some other views of interest regarding the last 140,000 years.

There are divisions to this question. In the case of pre-Adamic man, the answer is both. Man was omnivorous and ate both fruits and also grubs and insects on them and in the trees. The body structure of vegetarians make for significant guts, and this is evidenced by Australopithecines skeletal reconstructions such as Lucy.

What was the physical condition of the early biblical people? Did they exercise? What do you know of their diet? What did they do when struck with an illness? Why were so many struck with leprosy and blindness? Didn’t they have a lot of knowledge of medicinal plants, oils and such?

A: Well, if the ages of the patriarchs are any indication, they were of a vastly superior diet and genetic structure than we are. It appears we have seen a degeneration in the age of man as we have gone from a longevity of 120 years to 70 years, and we are varying downwards on that due to other problems. The diet of the ancients can be seen from the paper The Food Laws (No. 15).

Also they had superior forms of grain then which had the necessary vitamins and minerals. We have developed superior yields, which have in many cases decreased benefit. They did get a lot of exercise because they walked everywhere, or rode horses and camels and donkeys. Their knowledge of drugs was reasonably high. We now have direct evidence that they imported tobacco and cocaine into the Middle East from America at the time of King David (ca. 1000 BCE). They had extensive use of herbs and medicines.

Our evidence also shows advanced surgery such as trepanning in early times. The failure to keep the quarantine laws resulted in the transmission of leprosy. Blindness often resulted from infections carried from birth through immorality, as it does to this day. They had a great capacity for navigation, and there was a sea and trading empire from Israel and Phoenicia from 1000 BCE onwards. There was degeneration in world conditions from the fourth century. In the sixth century there was a series of cataclysms, along with the attitude of the Church, which contributed to the Dark Ages. From this time, the world lost vast levels of knowledge and we are only now putting together what was actually lost.

Noah

In the past some ministers have said one of Noah’s sons was married to a black woman, one married an oriental woman and one married a white woman. This, they explain (or speculate), was to keep the 3 races alive. After the flood they separated by migrating. I have a hard time believing this and wonder if the true reason we have people of different colours is due to the environment and that we are all really the same “race”, the human race, with the same parents Adam and Eve. After all we see a type of evolution within the various “kinds” of animals depending on what part of the world they are from, etc. What do you think about the origin of the various “races”?

A: This view postpones the issue back to Adam (meaning the one who was ruddy or red). Another variation was that Noah had the capacity to throw hybrids, being pure in his generations. This is the real basis of the explanations. Every variety of dog on the planet came from two forms based on the wolf. The capacity to be in various forms was inherent in the early peoples.

Our finds in the Choukoutien Upper Cave in China (discovered 1930 excavated by Pei (1939, 1940) in 1933 show a peculiar group. This one group comprised of two adult males, two adult females, one adolescent, one child, and one baby showed a surprising spread of racial characteristics. The female skulls were a Melanesoid and an Eskimoid. Of the two adult males, one was elderly (estimated at 60), and was relative to the Obercassel skull but was defined as being primitive Mongoloid. Weidenreich (1939) defined these as being of three different racial types, primitive Mongoloid, Melanesoid and Eskimoid type (R.M. and C.H. Berndt, Aboriginal Man in Australia, 1965, p. 30).

Professor Berndt was of the view that current Australians are related to the ancient Egyptians and the Indian Dravidians.  Egyptian relics have allegedly been found in some parts of Australia (cf. notes to I.L. Idriess’ Drums of Mer first edition re the ancient artefacts in the caves of the Zogo Le). There are also numerous boomerangs from the tomb of Tutankhamen now in the Egyptian museum.

The Choukoutien finds were in the one cave in the same strata, all living together so it seems. This indicates that the family groups, who resettled China, all had the diverse genetic capacity to encompass at least three racial groups in the one family system. This matter has not been fully examined from this point of view for obvious reasons.

The Epic of Gilgamesh states that Noah also took the artisans on board with their families as well. If looked at in this light, then the eight people were the heads of families and the women were not counted among the eight. This raises other matters as well. The eruption of the Nephilim is placed in the Midrash at the foot of Og, who allegedly stowed away on the top of the ark and Noah allowed him to remain. Look at the paper The Nephilim (No. 154).

The question of the diversity of current racial types is simply explained as one of pigmentation and localised breeding patterns. For example, one can tell someone from Manx as they have a peculiar line to their ears in relation to the jaw, which is not seen elsewhere in Britain. Pigmentation is simply resistance to the sun’s rays. Modern mapping of the genome and DNA shows we are all from the same ancestors, and not all that far back. The discussion is now merely where and how far.

Was Noah’s flood a worldwide catastrophe or was it limited to the Mediterranean area? If it was worldwide, how was it possible for Noah to gather all the species of plants and animals into the ark? 

A: The Bible indicates it was worldwide. A localised flood scenario has been mooted to resolve the problems seen by geologists and archaeologists working to the current accepted theories of planet age. The Ark was basically a box that God told Noah to build, which Noah did, over a period of one hundred years.

The animals of the earth were the responsibility of God to collect, and he did so collect them. The genetic diversity of the animals was contained in the mother species, and they had the capacity over the following millennia to diversify. Plants did not need to be gathered as they were seed driven and simply germinated when conditions were ready, as they do now. The same is true with spores and others.

Many seeds were taken into the ark as well in the form of food supplies. With, for example, the desert plants and eucalyptus, fire is needed to germinate the seeds. Wood is preserved underwater for a long time, so all the forests were either swept to certain areas, as appears to be the case in the North Pole area with the trees and mammoths etc., or left in areas to generate, first through grass to start the next series off.

We are finding out more and more about the species of the planet. In fact, the procedures for mapping the human genome have shown that the entire creation is based on a similar model. All humans are 99.99 percent exactly the same, and so it is with other species. There is no race other than the human race, and most animals are of the one common species. Mammals are all based on a similar blue print.

We know that this is not so with the DNA of the Neanderthals for example as they are an entirely different structure to our DNA and even chimpanzees, with which we have more in common than the Neanderthals. Look at the paper The Nephilim (No. 154).

During a sermon, our pastor was preaching on faith. He made the statement, “Look at the faith of Noah. God told Noah to build the ark before he even had a family (a wife, three sons, and daughters-in-law).” He said if you will read this chronologically you will see that this is true. Can you explain this to me?

A: The Bible says at Genesis 6:10: “And Noah begat three sons Shem, Ham and Japeth.” He then proceeds to tell Noah (V. 14) that the earth is corrupt and orders him to build the ark. The sons helped to build the ark. Other versions of this flood account all agree in this aspect (cf. The Epic of Gilgamesh).

The genealogies, up to the flood, are covered in the paper Doctrine of Original Sin Part 2 The Generations of Adam (No. 248)The genealogy of Shem, the youngest son of Noah, is covered in the paper Melchisedek (No. 128).

 

Tower of Babel

What in your opinion was God’s purpose at the Tower of Babel? What do you think He was trying to accomplish? 

A: The dispersion at Babel was to ensure that mankind did not become as elohim of their own accord and destroy the planet under Satan before time.

Satan had been given 6000 years as Morning Star of the planet. As it is Christ is going to have to return so that we are saved. If he did not there would be no flesh left alive. The plan of Salvation can be seen from the papers. Look at the papers Outline Timetable of the Age (No. 272)Lucifer: Light Bearer and Morning Star (No. 223) and The Millennium and the Rapture (No. 95)There are also many other papers dealing with prophecy.

What exactly was happening at the tower of Babel, and why was God so worried about it? Seems to me there must have been a bit more going on there than just building a church with a tall steeple that would reach the heavens. 

A: Yes, there was a lot more to it. The false system at Babel was destroyed and the languages confused so that man would not progress at a rate that was so fast as to endanger the existence of the planet too early within the time frame given to Satan.

They would become as elohim but without the Holy Spirit and thus destroy this planet and hence, the Plan of God. The system you see unfolding now might have happened two or more thousand years ago. The planet would not exist now.

Abraham

Did Hagar or Ishmael receive any blessings for their relationship to Abram? 

A: Indeed, they did receive a blessing. Christ himself said, at the direction of God, He would bless Ishmael and make a mighty nation from him (Gen. 21:17-18).

Look at the various papers that deal with Abraham: Why was Abraham called “the Friend of God” (No. 35); The Angel and Abraham’s Sacrifice (No. 71); Abraham and Sodom (No. 91) and also look at Genesis 22, Judaism, Islam and the Sacrifice of Isaac (No. 244).

The Law

Is there a reason why the commandments were given on two tables of stone? 

A: Yes, there is a reason. The two tablets were small and they were carried by Moses. They appear to have been written on both sides. The tablets appear to be duplicates as a double witness. The tablets of the law were placed within the Ark of the Covenant (See the papers The Ark of the Covenant (No. 196) and Distinction in the Law (No. 96).)

The Law is explained in the series The Law of God (No. L1). The concept of being written on stone was one of God, who is the rock (Ps. 17:31) from which we, and Christ, are all cut (Isa 51:1) and who engraves his Law in our hearts through his power. He becomes all in all.

In Deuteronomy 10 it talks about the covenant (Ex. 34:28) being the Ten Commandments that were written on the 2 tablets. In verse 5 it says he put the tablets IN THE ARK. Is this the LAW that is the New Covenant that is written in the minds and hearts of the elect? Is there more significance to this that you could expound on?

A: Yes, that is the significance both of the Ark and of the tablets being placed inside it. The Law of God was to be placed in the hearts and minds of the elect. This aspect is examined in the papers: Distinction in the Law (No. 96); The Ark of the Covenant (No. 196)The Oracles of God (No. 184) and The Law of God (No. L1).

Are the commandments in two lots of 4 and 6 or 5 and 5? 

A: Assuming you refer to the divisions based on the two great Commandments of the Law; the First Great Commandment is “You shall love the Lord your God with all your mind and with all your heart and with all your strength.” The second is like unto it. “You shall love your neighbour as yourself.” The Commandments fall into two natural divisions of the first four dealing with the love of God and the last six dealing with the love of man. Thus the Fourth Commandment, dealing with the Sabbath day, covers the aspects of the Law and the testimony concerning God’s Calendar and His worship and is the technical end of the First Great Commandment proper.

The Fifth Commandment, concerning the love of father and mother, is the first with a promise. It relates to life on this earth and the formation of the family, which is the building block on which God has chosen to build society. This extends into the heavenly family of the Church and the sons of God. Thus, this Commandment forms a link between the first four and the last six so that, in a sense, both answers are correct.

The Law is divided into two great commandments the first four and the last six linked by the fifth, which joins both the First and the Second Great Commandments. Look at the papers in the series on The Law of God (No. L1) and the associated reference papers as well.

Could you please define and interpret the first commandment?

A: It is written (Ex. 20:2-3):

“I am the Lord thy God Which has brought thee out of the land of Egypt, out of the House of bondage. Thou shalt have no other gods before me.”

Roman Catholics join the second commandment to this commandment and split the tenth commandment into two, which is impossible, based on the text in Deuteronomy 5.

The words for “Lord thy God” here is not simply “Yahovah.” It is “Yahovah Elohim” meaning God in His extended and creative sense. If it were Yahovah, as Bullinger says, it might be argued that the Law was limited to Israel, which it is not.

The first two Commandments are in the first person. The remainder are in the third person. Deuteronomy has the same structure for the first two Commandments. The section in Deuteronomy is argued to be a repeat and definite explanation by Moses of the original ten, which were in Exodus (cf. Soncino Commentary, Chumash p. 458).

“Thou shalt have no other elohim before me” means that no other elohim is to be placed before, or worshipped as, or in place of the One True God, who in the singular is “Eloah” the God of the Temple who placed His name at Jerusalem. See the text in Ezra 4:24-7:26 for the use of Eloah in relation to the Temple and the Law. It is the Law of Eloah.

Eloah has a son from Proverbs 30:4-5. Thus, the Son is not the One True God, Eloah. The First Commandment and the application of the Law and the Prophets have been outlined in the text Law and the First Commandment (No. 253) which was prepared for the Reading of the Law in the Sabbath Year of 1998.

Knowledge of the One True God, and Jesus Christ whom He sent, is eternal life (John 17:3). Explanation of the names of God and of the position of Jesus Christ are contained in the papers The Names of God (No. 116)God Revealed Chapter 1 – Ancient Monotheism (No. G1) and The Pre-Existence of Jesus Christ (No. 243).

 

Exodus 16 (before the 10 commandments were given) vs. 23 “…then he said to them, This is what the Lord meant: Tomorrow is a Sabbath Rest (how did they know it was the Sabbath since it wasn’t given at Sinai? It must have been through oral transmission from Adam to Moses) a Holy Sabbath to the Lord.” Vs. 28 “Then the Lord said to Moses ‘How long do you refuse to keep my commandments and my instruction? Vs. 29 “The Lord has (past tense) given you the Sabbath…”. When did God give them the Sabbath?

A: The law was given to Adam at the creation. Not only was the Sabbath established then but also the sacrifices and the Calendar were established. Abel’s sacrifice was more acceptable to God than Cain’s because it was a blood sacrifice and he was more righteous.

The SDA doctrine of preflood vegetarianism is quite wrong, as is the notion that the law was not given until Sinai. Look at the paper Vegetarianism and the Bible (No. 183) and also Rachel and the Law (No. 281). The Passover also preceded Sinai and the New Moons, and the sequence of the Calendar was set in place from the first week of the creation. Look also at the paper God’s Calendar (No. 156)Look also at the papers The Doctrine of Original Sin Part I The Garden of Eden (No. 246) and Doctrine of Original Sin Part 2 The Generations of Adam (No. 248)The preflood system was destroyed because it broke the laws of God. See the paper The Nephilim (No. 154).

The commandments were in place and known when Abraham went into Egypt. See the paper Abraham and Sodom (No. 91). Look also at the paper The Doctrine of Balaam and Balaam’s Prophecy (No. 204). Abraham tithed to Melchisedek over four hundred years before Sinai. See the paper Melchisedek (No. 128).

The Fourth Commandment covers a system of God’s order and the system will be enforced when Christ returns. Look at the paper Law and the Fourth Commandment (No. 256). The Sabbaths will be kept with the New Moons (Isa. 66:23). The feasts will be kept and the nations will send their representatives to Jerusalem each year, or they will get no rain in due season and the plagues of Egypt will be brought down on them. This is Scripture and Scripture cannot be broken.

Reading the Law

We are seeing instruction at Deuteronomy 31:9-12 to read the Law every Sabbath year at the Feast of Tabernacles. On which day at the Feast is this to be done? The idea that the law is to be read on one day is a Jewish idea and they do it on the Last Great Day.

A: The Law was read over the entire feast in the seventh year. To read the Law and the testimony correctly, utilising the Law and the Prophets and explaining it correctly as Ezra and Nehemiah did at Jerusalem, takes the entire feast of Tabernacles.

That is why God demands it be done every seventh year, and that it is set aside for the purposes of the reading so that Israel does not forget the Laws of God. Look at the papers Reading the Law with Ezra and Nehemiah (No. 250) and the Law series listed under The Law of God (No. L1) which were read at the commanded Reading of the Law in 1998.

Society

How does the uncleanness until sundown relate to us today as being sanctified? Is there a time now, or a time in the future that He does not want us to sleep with our wives? If so, when and why would this be do you think?

A: The whole process of sanctification for the Seventh of the First month and the Tenth of the Seventh month logically requires fasting from all aspects, including our partners.

The separation from our partners in total will come at the Advent. The High Priests always regarded themselves as being separate when they went into the Temple on the sacred days. They disqualified themselves when ritually unclean. We have to prepare ourselves to enter into a relationship with Christ.

Could you please explain these passages about the days and what is meant about not coming near your wives? I believe this has to do with the second coming of Jesus, but I am not really sure.

  1. The process involves the sanctification of the elect. Under the law a man was ritually unclean if he had an issue of semen until sundown and the aim here was to ensure the host of Israel was sanctified in the day that the Lord was to come to them.

The process of the sanctification of Israel is examined and explained in the papers The Sanctification of the Temple of God (No. 241) and The Sanctification of the Simple and the Erroneous (No. 291)See also Ezekiel 45:18-20.

The entire process of the calendar and the sanctification that takes place in the structure of the plan of God as explained in the calendar and its Sabbaths new Moons and Holy Days all point to Messiah and the restoration of the planet. Look at the papers God’s Calendar (No. 156) and Law and the Fourth Commandment (No. 256).

 

We are the Temple of God and the Law of God will live in our hearts. We will go from the church to the nations to the world as the Temple of God and will become the City of God. Look at the papers The Oracles of God (No. 184)Measuring the Temple (No. 137) and The City of God (No. 180).

Why was a woman considered unclean for forty days after giving birth to a male child, and eighty days after giving birth to a female child?

A: There are some very difficult issues arising from the laws of female purification (cf. Purification and Circumcision (No. 251)). Science has studied food in many of its aspects, especially its physiology and nutritional value. As a result, we can now understand why certain foods are “clean” and others are not and have been forbidden to us (see the paper The Food Laws (No. 15)). However, for generations we have been following those food laws simply because God told us to. We understand that God gave us His laws in order for us to be able to lead healthy, well balanced, well ordered lives. The laws relating to women have not been studied in the same way; therefore, we must do as we have always done. Rely on the fact that if God has said so, then it is in our best interests to do so. These matters are also qualified in and by their spiritual aspects, as they relate to Messiah.

The term “unclean woman” might bother many people. It seems to be offensive, but it is not. It is simply a time of separation because the woman requires rest and understanding. The term “unclean” is not the equivalent of “sinner.” The purification is scientifically a time of cleansing for seven days. It is a natural and physical act, where the lining of the womb, in not receiving a fertile ovum for the process of impregnation, is rejected during menstruation. Normally, it is a period of seven days in every 28. This process of cleaning permits the continuation of human kind for which this law, in the same manner as all the others, is a blessing from God (Gen. 1:28). The fulfilling of the laws are tied to the daily life of the human being. The Law of God is in force in its totality both physically and spiritually (2Cor. 7:1).

In the text in Leviticus 12:4 we see the term “to touch not what is holy.” In these terms we see the parallel symbolism that goes to setting apart the elect in purification. This distinction was made until Christ. The theory was that the woman in her condition would defile that which was holy. However, that which was holy would also sanctify that which was in a state of purification. For this reason, the woman who was in a state of discharge and in need of cure was made clean by touching Christ’s garment. This did not make Christ unclean but rather the Holy Spirit flowed from Him to her making her clean.

Matthew 9:20-22  And, behold, a woman, which was diseased with an issue of blood twelve years, came behind him, and touched the hem of his garment: 21 For she said within herself, If I may but touch his garment, I shall be whole. 22 But Jesus turned him about, and when he saw her, he said, Daughter, be of good comfort; thy faith hath made thee whole. And the woman was made whole from that hour. (KJV)

This action pointed towards two things. One was that Christ was the new High Priest whose hem was set apart from Exodus 28:33-34; 39:25-26 and whose headband was also Holiness to the Lord (Ex. 28:36; 39:30). The second lesson was that by faith through the Holy Spirit cleanliness and purification are extended to the sick and the infirm. This is repeated again in Matthew, that we might see the importance of the presence of Christ to the impact of the Law and the prophets and the restoration of the sick and the infirm and the unclean.

Thus, from the Law, that which was unholy could not touch that which was holy. This was asked of the priests and the answer was given. Yet from God’s own law and prophecy the same situation pointed towards a time when God would pour out his Spirit on all flesh and make it Holy within His law and He would write it on their hearts. This action was accomplished through Messiah.

Thus all flesh was made holy in the Spirit and was cleansed through Messiah in the Holy Spirit. The Purification legislation pointed towards the cleansing of the human mother as Israel the Church, and Bride of Christ, and mother of the new nation. From this position we see that the mother is cleansed and may partake of the Lord’s Supper and Passover as one of the elect, being cleansed in the Holy Spirit.

If Christians are supposed to keep the Old Testament food laws, what about other Old Testament laws such as not wearing garments mingled of wool and linen? What about the quarantine legislation, and when a woman has an issue of blood? Are Christians to observe these also?

A: Yes, they are supposed to keep those laws. Some matters are covered in the paper Purification and Circumcision (No. 251)Quarantine legislation is very important and badly neglected. TB was eradicated in Australia by concerted effort forty years ago and now, through failure to observe strict quarantine, it is back and some of it is resistant.

When one is asked to testify in a court of law, one is asked to “swear.” But I believe scripture indicates not to swear.

Do you have any suggestions of how to handle the situation?

A: Israel swore oaths before God. The Law says thou “shalt not swear by my name falsely, nor profane the name of thy God. I am the Lord” (Lev. 19:12). There are many references to Israel swearing to truth. David swore an oath to Jonathan (1Sam. 20:12). Israel was made to swear (Ezra 10:5). Isaiah 65:16 prophecies that the earth shall swear by the God of truth and Scripture cannot be broken.

The idea of not swearing in Christianity comes from Matthew 5:34-36 when Christ said: “Swear not at all; neither by heaven; for it is God’s throne: Nor by the earth; for it is His footstool: neither by Jerusalem; for it is the city of the great King. Neither shalt thou swear by thy head, because thou canst not make one hair white or black.”

This was interpreted as meaning you shall not swear an oath at all. For that reason, affirmations were permitted in a court of law. The text by Christ is “let your yes be yes and your no be no.” The sense of this was that pagans were swearing by their mother’s graves, and by all sorts of other strange ideas. The oath is: “Do you swear by almighty God to tell the truth the whole truth and nothing but the truth, so help you God?” This is in accord with the sentiment of the text in Isaiah. The word “swear” has been changed to “affirm” and the term “Almighty God” has been removed. Pressure for the change came from Atheists and Pagans, but it also assisted the truly devout to avoid the possibility that they were in contravention of the dictum of Christ here in Matthew 5:34-37. Thus, he produced a hedge around the sentiment of swearing using the texts in Exodus 20:7; Numbers 30:2; Deuteronomy 23:21. Thus, we can deduce that Judah had introduced practices regarding swearing under the Law which contravened the Law and the Spirit of God. Look at the papers Law and the Ninth Commandment (No. 262)Law and the Third Commandment (No. 255)  and Swearing By God (No. 32)).

What is your view on what the punishment should be for violence on the innocent?

A: The implementation of punishment is contained in the papers on The Law of God (No. L1). Look at the papers: Law and the Sixth Commandment (No. 259); Law and the Seventh Commandment (No. 260); Law and the Eighth Commandment (No. 261) and Law and the Ninth Commandment (No. 262).

In the second resurrection, violence to the innocent is made good by God. All are resurrected and all are retrained in the Holy Spirit. Look at the logic of the release of Satan. At the end of the Millennium, God orders the release of Satan in order to deal with the planet. He also has allowed him to remain in power on this planet for six thousand years when he has the power to restrain him, and does so restrain him for the Millennium.

In this sense God is complicit in the evils of this world and responsible for allowing the evils to take place. Do we then judge God: By no means. This whole creation is a teaching exercise and at the end of it we will lose no one. We will keep the laws of God and love one another because it is clear to us all what will happen when we do not do so. The purpose of all punishment is the rehabilitation and protection of all people concerned.

What is your position on the death penalty? Is it biblical? If so, how should it be accomplished?

A: Yes, every one of the Ten Commandments is backed by the death penalty. The application of the death penalty is covered in the paper Law and the Sixth Commandment (No. 259) and Law and the Fifth Commandment (No. 258).

Leviticus 19:28 and Deuteronomy 14:2 teaches a Bible student what in relation to tattoos?

A: Tattooing and marking or carapacing is an ancient practice that is forbidden under the laws of God. The origins of the system are found in most ancient societies. The word (tat) actually comes from Polynesia and means, “to strike repeatedly.” The history and ancient times in both Egypt and Mesopotamia are in the paper Tattooing (No. 5)The earliest tattoos in ancient Egypt had the form of a fly (associated perhaps or seemingly with the god of Ekron) and also a form of cross like a swastika.

I appreciate the Biblical direction to “Owe no man.” I have been reading how the 7th year of a 7-year cycle should work. It would appear to me that there is provision to “owe” others at least for a time, otherwise why would debt that lingered past the 6th year need to be forgiven in the 7th year? In this day and age there seems no way to purchase land or houses within 6 years. How can we live in current economic conditions and obey this law?

A: The Bible is quite clear that it is improper to charge interest on any loan. Our world system makes slaves of our children and our poor. No debt can be carried on past the Sabbath year. We should owe no man anything. We should pay our debts. This is very difficult in modern society. Our people have virtually been sold into slavery by the system we have. We are all trying to get out of debt and simplify our lifestyles. We all find this very hard, and we have made it harder for our children than it was for us. The Jews get around this by saying that only applies to the Jews but they are only one of twelve tribes. Our houses are over priced. Our people are destroyed for lack of knowledge and those who obey God’s Laws make themselves prey. Look at the papers on The Law of God (No. L1), and especially Law and the Eighth Commandment (No. 261).

 

Is it okay to gamble? Surely it is simply spending hard-earned money to make more?

A: The Law works on productive increase. The making of money off the losses of another is contrary to the spirit of the Law of God. The Roman Catholic Church condones and in fact uses gambling. That is almost unique in the English speaking system. Gambling in America and Australia has been allowed to increase and the poker machine system has intruded virtually everywhere, such that the results are catastrophic. Gambling can become compulsive addictive behaviour for some as is the case with alcoholics and other drugs users. Compulsive gamblers lie, cheat and even steal to maintain and support their habit. At this point it destroys relationships, marriages and families. Many resort to suicide when things are out of control.

Problem gamblers have a specific mind-set in which the brain operates differently to that of other people. The prospect of gain makes the brain cross transfer impulses and produces larger than normal activity. They can’t help what they do. The pleasure is in the rush of actually risking all and losing. It is only the loss that is the true and full release. The social costs of gambling are horrendous and it will be stamped out in a just society

Food Laws

We are careful to obey Gods food laws. A friend of ours does not eat mushrooms because they have spores to reproduce and he does not consider a spore to be a seed. Have I been wrong in eating mushrooms?

A: No, Mushrooms can be eaten. This idea came from the concept that as we were given seeds to eat and clean animals and spore driven items were not specifically mentioned then anything that grows from spores is unclean in that they are not mentioned among the foods to be eaten or not eaten.

If spore borne items were not to be eaten as unclean then we would be in real trouble. We could not eat Leavened Bread at all as yeast is a spore product. The offerings at Pentecost would be a bizarre contradiction as the two loaves at Pentecost are leavened. God would be ordering us to contradict his own laws.

Beer is leavened by yeast. Wine is yeast fermented. Wild spores are in the air and we eat them all the time. All food has been exposed to some spore activity. Yet God tells us that only for seven days are we not to eat leaven. This is a case of excess zeal not according to knowledge. The people who said this no doubt are trying to be faithful to what they know but have picked up this error from some of the more way out groups keeping the food laws.

One of the academics in the Oxford/Cambridge system published a book a few years ago now about Christ and the mushroom cult. That sort of reasoning is the result of an overactive imagination. The Church of God should be able to see through this error.

We know the food laws are in effect, but if someone needs supplements, i.e. calcium, should it be from a clean animal or plant-based or because it is not being consumed for food, it does not matter? 

A: This is an interesting point. Most food supplements that are required are necessitated by vegetarianism, which is a perversion of Bible laws. If the food laws are obeyed and clean animals are consumed, the necessity for food supplements is considerably reduced. If quality vegetables are consumed in proportion, then the likelihood is reduced. If vitamins were needed, then the manufacturing process would not normally involve unclean animals. In the case of insulin, there are types available from clean animals. The Food laws protect the planet and its environment as well. Look at the papers The Food Laws (No. 15); Vegetarianism and the Bible (No. 183); Wine in the Bible (No. 188) and Balance (No. 209).

Some people I know refuse to eat pork and certain fish. Are they just being fanatical or could there be a valid reason for this in this century with refrigeration available?

A: There is a valid reason for it. The food laws were given in the Bible. God does nothing without good reason. The food laws were dismissed by anthropologists such as Mary Douglas on taboo grounds. Drs. Nanji and French had demonstrated in 1986 that pork was a cause of cirrhosis of the liver. There are a host of other scientific reasons that are covered in the paper The Food Laws (No. 15).

 

There are sound reasons for not eating all the unclean varieties prohibited in Leviticus 11 and Deuteronomy 14 and the handling legislation. The Foodlaws were not eliminated in the New Testament and Acts 10 concerns the conversion of the Gentiles, and not Peter eating unclean food. Look also at the papers Balance (No. 209)Vegetarianism and the Bible (No. 183) and Wine in the Bible (No. 188).

Do biblical food laws prohibit eating meat? Or just certain meats like pork?

A: The food laws prohibit the eating of certain types of meat such as pork. All animals that chew the cud and have cloven hooves are clean to eat. Thus, one can eat a giraffe but not a pig. The pig, among other things, has been demonstrated to cause cirrhosis of the liver due to a chemical in the soft tissue of its flesh that cannot be removed. There are sound scientific reasons for all the food laws.

Fish that can be eaten must have fins and scales. The reason for this is that fish without scales lack the capacity to isolate heavy metals and toxins making them unavailable for human consumption. For example, one can eat tuna but not shark. The reason is that a tuna has scales and that seems to be indicative of a process whereby the mercury levels, while similar to a shark, are bound up with selenium to make it unavailable for human digestion. The selenium is again bound up with arsenates, which are too small to effect human digestion. Prawns and similar seafood have heavy metals in distributed forms throughout their bodies. Oysters cause various entero-viruses and are reinfective agents. Look at the paper The Food Laws (No. 15).

Leviticus 11 and Deuteronomy 14 seem to indicate we are to eat certain types of food and avoid other types of food. Do these food laws tie to the ten commandments?

A: All of the law and the prophets are subtended from the Two Great Commandments. These are:

  1. You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your mind and with all your strength.
  2. You shall love your neighbour as yourself.

The Ten Commandments are directly under these. The first four Commandments hang from the First Great and the last six hang from the Second Great Commandment. The Fifth Commandment ties the two together. The responsibility to “make alive” covers a series of aspects both of the environment and of the individual. The well being of the planet depends in part on the food laws. These are explained at the paper The Food Laws (No. 15).

The relationship to the Law is found in the Law series Law of God (No. L1) and particularly Law and the Fifth Commandment (No. 258) and Law and the Sixth Commandment (No. 259).

All of the Laws of God tie into the Ten Commandments and the prophets explain them all. The New Testament is simply commentary on them. That is why it is so absurd to suggest that Messiah would have eliminated them in any way. That is why we are commanded to read the Law every Sabbath year so that we understand how the Law works and interacts. All of the Law proceeds from the nature of God and reflects that nature.

Tithes and Offerings

I once belonged to a church, which had special offerings that were taken up on the Feast day, seven times during the year. I’ve also read in Deuteronomy 16 and in Exodus 23 that there are three feasts to attend and that offerings were made here. Wouldn’t God be more pleased with seven annual offerings than with only three? 

A: If God had wanted seven offerings in a year, He would have said seven and not three times a year. If He had wanted a weekly offering, He would have said that. Instead, He instituted the tithe system and three offerings a year at the three feast seasons. The issue of tithing and offerings is examined in the papers Tithing (No. 161) and Law and the Fourth Commandment (No. 256).

I was studying your paper Tithing (No. 161), when I saw that offerings are to be 3 times a year not 7. I do agree. You also mentioned Atonement is strictly forbidden as an offering. Could you please tell me where I could find the Atonement offering forbidden in these scriptures?

A: The law regarding the Atonement tax is at Exodus 30:15: “The rich shall not give more the poor shall not give less than half a shekel when they give and offering unto the Lord to make an atonement for your souls.” Originally it was a tax without exception in Israel. Now it is a tax without distinction paid for us by Christ, and salvation is open to the Gentiles and they enter Israel by grace and adoption as sons of God.

This concept is developed in Acts 10:34 and Romans 3:22,23; 10:12. The offering is a heave offering. Bullinger also understands this point in his notes to the Companion Bible at Exodus 30:15. When an offering is taken up on Atonement, it is a direct violation of the Law and a rejection of the all-embracing power of the redemption of Christ and the extension of Salvation to the Gentiles.

My pastor says that if a believer does not tithe he is stealing from God and therefore is a thief, and that thieves do not go to heaven. Is he scripturally correct? 

A: Your pastor is referring to the text in Malachi 3:7-12. If you do not tithe, you rob God. This is covered in the paper Tithing (No. 161). It is a sign of the return of the individual to God. However, it is only one sign and your pastor cannot have it both ways. The Law of God has to be kept and so do the commandments regarding the festivals. The Tithes and Offerings are tied up with the Feasts of the Lord. Look at the paper Law and the Fourth Commandment (No. 256). It is all too common for ministers to appeal to the law regarding tithing, and yet ignore it on all the other important aspects. You may find it interesting to look at the series on The Law of God (No. L1).

No one goes to heaven. It was the test of a true Christian in the early church. If anyone said that they were a Christian and that when they died they went to heaven, they were not to be believed. That was the test of a Christian and a Gnostic. Anyone who said that when they died they went to heaven, showed by that statement they were a Gnostic and not a Christian (see Justin Martyr, Second Apology). This is covered in the papers The Soul (No. 92) and The Resurrection of the Dead (No. 143).

ISRAEL

Weren’t there 12 judges in Israel? Does this have anything to do with there being twelve tribes? 

A: The twelve judges of Israel have a relationship to the twelve tribes and were drawn from them. The apostles also head the twelve tribes and the 144,000 are also allocated to them. The twelve apostles and the twelve judges all represent the twenty-four elders of the inner council, and the twenty-four high priests of the division of the Temple also have this symbolism. Look at the papers The City of God (No. 180) and Samson and the Judges (No. 73).

Do you know how many kings there were in Israel from Saul until the deportation by the Assyrians? 

A: There is a list of the kings in the Companion Bible at Appendix 50 but the chronology is completely erroneous. The Kings of the combined kingdom of Israel and Judah were Saul, David and Solomon.

Jeroboam reigned over Israel from the Division, and Rehoboam reigned over Judah. From then on the kings of Israel were: Nadab, Baasha, Elah, Zimri (7days), Omri, Ahab, Ahaziah, Jehoram, Jehu, Jehoahaz, Jehoash, Jeroboam II, Zechariah, Shallum (1 month), Menahem, Pekahiah s. of Menahem, Pekah s. of Remaliah, and Hoshea. In 722 BCE, the fall of Samaria to the Assyrians occurred and Israel was taken into captivity. Total: 22 kings of Israel.

This question involves one of the tribes of Israel. The tribes are numbered as thirteen when the two half-tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh are counted separately but when they are counted as one single tribe they are numbered as twelve. In Genesis 49 Ephraim and Manasseh are counted as one tribe. In Ezekiel 48 the two half-tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh are treated as two separate tribes, making the number of the tribes thirteen. Regardless of how one counts the tribes, the fact is Dan has been left out here. Why has Dan been left out of the 144,000?

A: The birthright is with Joseph because Reuben lost it through fornication with one of the wives. Levi was the priesthood and so became the thirteenth tribe, but not taking part in the physical blessings of Israel directly but through the tithe, which was given to it as the priesthood. Joseph, as the birthright holder, had a double portion under the law. This went to Ephraim firstly and Manasseh secondly. Look at the papers Law and the Fifth Commandment (No. 258) and The Law of God (No. L1) and the Law series generally.

In Numbers 10 we see the battle order of the tribes of Israel. These are East: Judah, Issachar, and Zebulun; South: Reuben, Simeon, and Gad; West: Ephraim, Manasseh and Benjamin; North: Dan, Asher, and Napthali. These differ from Ezekiel 48, which is a prophetic or millennial system. In that system, Joseph goes back to one allocation and Dan resumes their order. Reuben goes to the North with Judah as firstborn, and this is now the reverse of the order of battle of the original tribes. There is also an allocation of the lands according to the tribes as well, which is not being examined here. The lands of Israel will stretch to the Euphrates.

The text in Revelation 7 refers to the priesthood for the inner priests of Christ comprising the 144,000. These were drawn out as living sacrifices comprising a council of 72 per year for the forty Jubilees of the church in the wilderness. 72 x 2000 equals 144,000. This is explained in the paper The Harvests of God, the New Moon Sacrifices, and the 144,000 (No. 120). Levi’s major function is as a priest tribe therefore they resume their normal duties and take a share in the priesthood of the 144,000.

To achieve this Dan who has another major birthright promise to take up yields part of its inheritance as does Ephraim and they share in the 12,000 of Joseph who is always a combined tribe. Manasseh takes 12,000 in its own right, which is very interesting. Dan then takes its birthright and becomes judge in Israel as promised in Genesis 49:16. This is the reason for the verse: “I have waited for thy salvation O Lord.” Only on the return does Dan take up his inheritance as Judge in Israel. This is Scripture and cannot be broken.

Dan then takes its position at the East gate in Ezekiel’s system with Joseph and Benjamin, the children of Rachel. This is the place of entry of the Messiah and hence the seat of Judgment. There is another point also in the birthright promises that has not been taken up as yet, and that is the calling of the people to Jerusalem. That birthright is taken up by Issachar and Zebulun (Deut. 33:18-19). Look at the paper Calling the Peoples to Jerusalem (No. 238). None of these three tribes has exercised these birthright promises as yet and Scripture cannot be broken. God’s word does not come back void or empty.

Does God give any indication as to the criterion for the order of the tribes for battle (as referenced in your answer citing Numbers 10) and for the order of the tribes at the gates (cited in Ezekiel 48)? Levi is not in the battle order (with Ephraim and Manasseh counted as sons of Israel) but Levi is in the gate order (with Ephraim and Manasseh represented by Joseph)?

A: Levi is in the battle order in Numbers 10 carrying the Ark of the Covenant and the Temple, but is broken up for these purposes. Look at the paper The Ark of the Covenant (No. 196). They carried the physical structure and thus, were an order of priests set apart for that purpose.

We are the Temple of God now and we are the Oracles of God. We are the Ark of the Covenant and that is why Jeremiah was told to hide it where he did. If they found it again where it is hidden, we would have to send a team to re-bury it. There is a new order of priests after the order of Melchisedek, and which comprises Levi who paid tithes in the loins of Abraham to Melchisedek and is thus a lesser priesthood. Hence, Levi is one of the priesthood for the millennial system and thus appears in the gate order as the apostles of the twelve tribes are over each one. Look also at the papers Melchisedek (No. 128) and The Oracles of God (No. 184). This gate order in Ezekiel tells you the gate order of the City of God. Thus, we can also be given an indication of the foundations of the apostles over the tribes from their placement and dispersion. This is another matter. Look at the paper The City of God (No. 180).

It is also our view that the order of the tribes in the Gates is indicative of the order of March. As you are aware, Messiah enters always via the east gate and that is why it is bricked up at the moment in the wall at the Temple Mount in Jerusalem. The witnesses will probably shatter that gate when they arrive, in preparation for or at the arrival of Messiah, when the Mount of Olives cleaves and the First Resurrection occurs. Look at the paper The Witnesses (including the Two Witnesses) (No. 135). As Dan is judge, it is also in the East gate with the birthright tribes, but Dan leads the sons of Rachel, the birthright tribe of Joseph (i.e. Ephraim, Manasseh and the son of the promise, Benjamin). Dan thus becomes first and not last. Judah is the rearguard, instead of Dan, as Messiah is our rearward or rearguard protection. This will take place during the Millennium also. It is written: Manasseh shall feed off Ephraim then Ephraim shall feed off Manasseh (which is where we are now) and then both shall feed off Judah. Again, Scripture cannot be broken. Look also at the paper Rachel and the Law (No. 281). This may also give an indication of the birthright shift from west to east.

Three tribes were also given an inheritance over Jordan, these were half Manasseh, Reuben and Gad and some Ephraim and Dan also joined them in Gilead. Dan split into two as well in the occupation. Israel and Assyria will come out of Europe in the north, hand in hand, to reoccupy the Middle East also. We moved into Europe in the second century CE when the Parthian Empire fell and joined the rest of the Israelite-Hittite-Phoenician alliance in Britain and West Europe in the fourth century. The Bar Kochba rebels of Judah had gone on to America after the failure of the revolt in the second century. Look at the paper The Unitarian/Trinitarian Wars (No. 268).

Allen’s work of Judah’s Sceptre and Joseph’s Birthright misidentified the tribal movements and trivialised the issue. The US and BC in Prophecy, published by the  Worldwide Church of God, merely reinforced the historical errors by plagiarising Allen’s work. The movement from Europe will be after the wars of the Fifth and Sixth trumpets. The last wars of the kings of the North and South are about to begin. Look also at The Seven Seals (No. 140) and The Seven Trumpets (No. 141). The movement will commence with the flooding of the Netherlands and the low countries in the not too distant future (See the paper Global Warming and Bible Prophecy (No. 218).

 

This is in reference to the allocation of the 24 elders. I realise there are 4 cherubim around God’s throne. I thought this would make 4 quadrants or areas of responsibility; therefore I would divide 24 by 4 and get 6 elders given responsibility under each cherub. The division might continue with the 12 judges and 12 apostles each also being allocated responsibility under a cherub, with 3 judges and 3 apostles to each quadrant. Would this be correct?

A: Yes, your idea is correct. Israel was divided as two divisions to a tribe. There were three tribes to a quadrant. The zodiac is a corruption of the divisions of the government which the tribes represent.

The East, and first, quadrant under the Lion which is of Judah is: Judah, Issachar and Zebulun. They are first in the order of march. Second is the South, or man system, of Reuben Simeon and Gad. Third is the Western, or Bull-headed system, which is Ephraim, Manasseh and Benjamin. Fourth, or last, is the Northern or Eagle system, which is also represented by a Scorpion and balances in judgment. These tribes are Dan, Asher and Napthali.

These are the rearguard of Israel, hence the sting in the tail and also the symbol of the serpents path. The Tabernacles and the priesthood move between the First and Second Quadrants. The position of the Ark is examined in the paper The Ark of the Covenant (No. 196). Look also at the papers The Meaning of Ezekiel’s Vision (No. 108) and The Government of God (No. 174). This structure will become the City of God. Look at the paper The City of God (No. 180).

Moses

In this verse (Ex. 32:19) it states that Moses broke the 2 tablets. Then he had to go back up to get them written again. Does this have any significant meaning? Is there more to this than Moses just getting mad?

A: Yes, this has great significance. The symbolism was that Israel would break the law and be unable to keep it in a state of sin, being divorced from God. The second time represented the new Moses who was to come as Jesus Christ, who would ascend to the Mountain of God and return with the Holy Spirit, which would lock the law of God in all our hearts.

That is why, when Christ ascended to the throne of God on the Wave Sheaf at 9 a.m. following his resurrection, he returned that day and breathed the Holy Spirit on the disciples and said, “Receive the Holy Spirit” (Jn. 20:22).

Would you please explain if Moses’ wife and 2 children went with Moses when he returned to Egypt to lead God’s people to freedom? Exodus 4:20 seems to indicate they were along on part of the trip; yet, Exodus 18:1-5 indicates that Jethro brought Moses’ wife and children.

A: Zipporah went down to Egypt with Moses and the two boys as we see in Exodus 4. She appears to have tried to prevent the circumcision of Eliezar and nearly had him killed because of that fact. She then did it herself to save his life and accused Moses because of it. The language in the texts is accusative. She was herself a descendent of Abraham, through the sons of Keturah, and should have known better.

Exodus 18:2 says that Moses sent her back. It was probably at this point in Ex. 4:26 that he sent her back to her father Jethro from the inn, thus she did not make it to Egypt. The meeting of Aaron and Moses in the next verse (Ex. 4:27) makes no mention of her or the boys. Nothing short of wholehearted spiritual strength would bring Israel out of this Exodus with their minds set on God.

In Exodus 14 it speaks of the hosts of Pharaoh. Who were these and do they have symbolic meaning? 

A: The entire story of Moses and the Exodus is dealing with the nation, and also the fallen host that it worshipped and by which it was governed. The significance of this is covered in a paper on the Exodus called Moses and the Gods of Egypt (No. 105).

The entire structure of the Bible is allegory and parables dealing with the structure of the Plan of Salvation. You will also enjoy the paper Pentecost at Sinai (No. 115), which takes the Exodus on to Sinai and the giving of the Law. The next paper in that aspect is The Golden Calf (No. 222). Thus, we have both a physical host and spiritual host, which God dealt with through Christ. Look also at the paper The Pre-Existence of Jesus Christ (No. 243).

I need some information on the Red Sea parting. I once saw something about a scientific reason for this. Any biblical reference will be of great importance for what I am looking for.

A: For a long time scientists and people in general have been trying to explain away the miracle of Israel and the Exodus in the crossing of the Red Sea. Some linguists try to make it read the Reed Sea and place it as a marsh in the area of the canal. The Israelites allegedly marched over the marsh of the reed sea and the Egyptian chariots sank. However, that is not what the Bible says happened.

There is another version which places Pi ha Hiroth on the Gulf of Aqaba. It is asserted that the gaps in the mountains either side allowed the deluge to wash down massive amounts of soil and that there is a bridge under the water, some few hundred feet down. Thus, the sea was piled up on the sides of the underwater bridge and the Israelites crossed into Midian near Jebel el Laws in Saudi Arabia. The name means, “The Mountain of the Law” in Arabic. There is a video purporting to have been made at this site. We have no evidence of its authenticity. When we can send a team there, we will look for the crossing.

Which day of the First month did Israel start the seven-day march around the walls of Jericho?

A: Israel, under Joshua, crossed into the Promised Land on the tenth day of the First month, and was set aside to the Lord in circumcision on that day. They abode four days and on the Fourteenth day of the First month, they killed the Passover and ate of the old corn of Canaan on the First Holy Day of Unleavened Bread (Josh. 5:11). This act enabled Rahab to be counted by the scarlet thread on her lintels, and salvation was again extended to the Gentiles as part of Israel.

Joshua 5:13 says that “it came to pass that when Joshua was by Jericho that he lifted his eyes and there stood a man against him with a drawn sword.”

This is held to be between the 15th and 21st of the First month. We can assume that they kept the 15th as a holy day as commanded. We can make one of two deductions. The command of Christ as the Captain of the Host of God came to him when he was near Jericho. We might assume that the story is conjoint and that he spoke with Christ on the 14th day, and that the activities of the host took place from 15th Nisan and went for seven days. The Seventh Days were the Holy Days, and the walls went flat and the children of Israel entered on the last Holy Day of Unleavened Bread. This has merit in that the symbolism of the feast of Unleavened Bread is to remove sin, as malice and wickedness, from among us. The fall of Jericho is symbolised by this activity. The difficulty with this is that the major activity of the battle took place on a Holy Day.

We might conclude that this was done to show the victory of the host was enabled by the right conduct of Israel as the Church keeping the feasts of God. In this light, the case has merit. In the other view, we might say that the story is continuing; that the events took place over the Feast and the Last day’s activities took place on the day after the Holy Day. In which case, we overcome the objection but we lose the full power of the symbolism of the Battle and the purpose of the feast of Unleavened Bread.

The story is covered in the paper The Fall of Jericho (No. 142) but this aspect is not properly developed there. The seven days were most probably the seven days of Unleavened Bread from 15 to 21 Abib. The battle and victory took place at the end of the Feast. The end result is that the first day was 15 Abib, but it may possibly have been 16 Abib. It is discounted as being after the 21st, as the full symbolism of Abib is lost.

Christ probably appeared to Joshua as the prototype on 14 Abib.

The fall of Jericho sounds a little like the book of Revelation with the marching around the city for seven days, and going around seven times on the seventh day. Is this coincidence, or is there a link here? 

A: The actions of the Old Testament were a reflection of the New Testament and the Church. The entire story of the forty years in the wilderness and the taking of the Promised Land were a reflection of the forty Jubilees in the wilderness of the church.

Christ met Joshua, son of Nun of Ephraim, at the plain of Jericho as the captain of the Army of God, and he will come again to Israel to save them and place them again in their inheritance. The paper The Fall of Jericho (No. 142) deals with the similarities of which you speak.

Was there any significance to the red cords that Rahab was told to put in the window of her house so that the Israelite army would not kill anyone in her house? 

A: The red cords were a symbol of the blood of the lamb that was on the doorposts and lintels of Israel in Egypt. Rahab had made a deliberate decision to affix herself to the body of Israel. She was the symbol of the salvation of the Gentiles. There was a mixed multitude that also joined Israel when they went out of Egypt.

The Lamb was her protection here, as it was in Egypt. Here he came as the captain of the Army of the Lord. He also gave the Law to Moses. The same thing was said to Joshua as was said to Moses: “Take off your shoes for the place where you are standing is Holy Ground.” Look at the paper The Fall of Jericho (No. 142).

Rahab was told to put red cords in the window of her house so that the Israelite army would not kill her or her family. Is this the same concept as the blood put on the doorposts of the Israelites’ houses on the first Passover?

A: Yes, but not many people make that connection. If Judah understood that, then they would all be converted. This is why we have to keep the Lord’s Supper on 14 Abib and the Night of Watchings on 15 Abib. That is why the first thing the pagans eliminated from the Church was the Passover, and substituted Easter using the bishops in Rome from Anicetus in 152 to Victor in 190-192. Once they did that, the Church in Rome was cut off from Christ and the rest was easy. Look at the paper The Quartodeciman Disputes (No. 277) and also the papers The Lord’s Supper (No. 103)The Passover (No. 98) and Sanctification of the Temple of God (No. 241).

Idols and Images

There seems to be a contradiction in the story of the golden idol or idols that Aaron either made or allowed to be made while Moses was upon the Mount. After the completion of the molten calf or calves, he said at Exodus 32:4 “These be thy gods, O Israel, which brought thee up out of the land of Egypt.” Then Nehemiah 9:18 says they had made for themselves a molten calf, indicating a singular idolCould you please clarify the difference?

A: Yes, this is another contradiction in the Bible, which serves to illustrate a lesson. Aaron is recorded as saying: “These be thy gods, O Israel” and Nehemiah says Aaron said, “This is thy god, O Israel.” Aaron is speaking of the earrings that were used in the construction, which were themselves amulets which were collected, and from which the calf was made.

Nehemiah’s reference is in the singular to illustrate it was only one idol made up from many individual amulets. The calf was allowed because it served as a teaching lesson and cleaned idolaters out of the priesthood. The nation was also cleaned of the amulets. The idolatrous purpose behind these protections for the orifices of the head is explained in the paper The Origin of the Wearing of Earrings and Jewellery in Ancient Times (No. 197)The story of the Calf and the theology behind it is found in the paper The Golden Calf (No. 222).

In reading further about the account of Israel making an idol while Moses was away, I am wondering why they chose to make a calf instead of say a lion or a bear or some other creature. Was there some particular reason why they chose to make a calf?

A: The calf was a symbol of the moon god, Sin. The horns, symbolised by the crescent moon, were also associated with the finger of Ashirat, which was another name for the deity associated with the feminine aspects, as Istar. The horns in Egypt were also associated with Hathor who was a symbol of fertility as a pregnant horned female. As the mother goddess she was associated with Isis and also Nut. Isis was the consort of Osiris and the mother lover of Horus, as was Easter (or Istar or Ashtoreth) of the Baal-Easter system. They are all part of the mystery sun cults.

The Trinity stems from this system as the Triune God and appears in Egypt as Osiris, Isis and Horus; in Palestine as Baal, Ashtoreth and the Morning star as the third element; and in Rome it was as Jupiter, Juno, and Minerva who was the virgin of the Immaculate Conception. These elements were transferred into Christianity in total by the fifth and sixth centuries. The term “Easter” comes from “Istar,” as does “Ostar” or “Ostara.”

The Minotaur of the Cretans is the same as the god Chemosh and Milcom (hence Malcolm) of the Moabites and Ammonites. The human sacrifices were offered to the god and sometimes cooked alive inside it. This is the origin of passing your children through the fire to Moloch. This Golden Calf was worshipped among the Irish Celts until the 5th century and cannibalism is noted among the Scots in France during the same century. The details are found in the papers The Golden Calf (No. 222) and The Origins of Christmas and Easter (No. 235).

I heard that images were authorized based on John 3:14 “And as Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, even so must the Son of Man be lifted up.” The reasoning was that Christ approved the making and exalting of the brazen serpent, by which the Israelites were healed in the desert. I know Christ would never support worshipping an image but what is the correct understanding of the text?

A: Moses used the brazen serpent as a symbol to Israel that they had power over the serpents and it acted as a psychological prop for people who were bitten (cf. Num. 21:9). No one prayed to it or worshipped it. Moses was dealing with the problem of getting an uneducated people to a point where God could work with them. It was also a prophecy that referred back to the position in Genesis where the heel of the seed of the woman would bruise the head of the serpent and he would bruise his heel. This referred to the battle between Christ, as head of Israel and the Church, and Satan. It looked forward to the redemption of man by the elevated Christ who was to die for our sins. These papers are relevant: Moses and the God’s of Egypt (No. 105); Pentecost at Sinai (No. 115) and The Cross: Its Origin and Significance (No. 39).

Joshua

I am doing a report on the man Joshua in the Bible. I have several questions, but a lack of resources. I need a basic bibliography of Joshua’s life and how he did things. Can you help?

A: You can get an idea of the life of Joshua, and the symbolism of what he did and his environment, from looking at five papers for the background to the Exodus and the significance of what he did: The Passover (No. 98); Moses and the Gods of Egypt (No. 105); Pentecost at Sinai (No. 115); The Golden Calf (No. 222) and The Fall of Jericho (No. 142).

He was the son of Nun of the tribe of Ephraim. The concept of his name here means, “the Salvation of God (Yahoshua) comes through Endurance (Nun).” These were names of the Messiah. “Jesus” is a rendering in English of the Greek form of writing “Joshua.” It is correctly translated Joshua in English (see the paper Joshua, the Messiah, the Son of God (No. 134)).

He was a young man in Egypt who came out with Moses. He was one of the twelve spies and the only one of the twelve, along with Caleb of Judah, to enter the Promised Land. He rose to war leader of Israel and was chosen as Judge of Israel to enter the Promised Land. He took Jericho and then the cities mentioned in the Bible text in progression. He lived to 110 years of age. He was buried in his inheritance on the North side of the hill of Gaash on the border of his inheritance, which was the city of Timnath Serah in Mount Ephraim. The Septuagint adds to Joshua 24:30 that they buried the knives of stone with him that he used to circumcise Israel at Gilgal.

Look at the Book of Joshua for the details of the conquest and his life, as that is the most comprehensive account. You will find sketches of his life in the Bible dictionaries at your library. Interpreter’s Dictionary of the Bible is a good one and so too is ISBE.

I was reading the book of Joshua and saw a few things that were of interest. One was that when he was to take the people over the Jordan to the land God had promised them, he had a priest step into the Jordan and it was divided just like the red sea and the people went across on dry land. Does this prefigure baptism? Also they had to circumcise all the males again because they had wandered in the wilderness for forty years. Why weren’t they circumcised 8 days after birth? Joshua was instructed to take 12 rocks and make a memorial. Do the 12 rocks represent the 12 apostles?

A: Joshua is a very interesting text. The symbolism of entering the Promised Land was like that of Israel in the Exodus. The Passover brought them out of Egypt. This was a type of Christ, who was the Passover Lamb. They could have gone into the Promised Land when the twelve were sent to spy out the land but only two, Joshua and Caleb, were dedicated enough. These two symbolised Israel and Judah.

They then had to spend forty years in the wilderness before they were allowed to enter. That is the same as the Forty Jubilees of the Church in the wilderness. They were not circumcised so as to make a difference between the old generation, which refused to take up their inheritance, and the ones not part of the decision that were born in the wilderness. That represented the Church.

The Church has to be prepared once again for the coming of the Messiah, and so does Israel. The priest standing in the Jordan was symbolic of baptism. These people were brought through the Jordan and then circumcised into Israel and the Covenant. The circumcision here represents the rolling of sin from the Gentiles and from the nation of Israel. There were twelve stones left in the middle thread of the river. This is a boundary marker and the division of Israel and the world. There were twelve stones also taken as an altar at Gilgal.

There are thus two lots of twelve as twenty-four stones. These in two divisions represent the two aspects of the priesthood and the apostles and judges. The symbolism of what happened there and its relationship to the Plan of Salvation and the Return of Messiah is explained in the paper The Fall of Jericho (No. 142).

 

What is the meaning of the 2 spies hiding in the hill country for 3 days (Joshua 2:1-24)? There are many references to 3 days, i.e. sign of Jonah, etc.

A: It is another example of the two witnesses’ concept. We saw it with John and Messiah, and we will see it again when the witnesses get here. The two spies act as witnesses against the civilisation they are sent to spy out. In the last days, the two will stand for 1,260 days and then they will be killed by the world systems. They will lie in the streets for 3 ½ days and then be resurrected. Look at the papers The Fall of Jericho (No. 142) and The Witnesses (including the Two Witnesses) (No. 135).

 

Judges

What is the meaning of this passage (Jud 9:7-21) in reference to 4 different types of trees and other components of the text?

A: The trees of Judges 9:7-21 represent the trees of Israel’s power and the fourth false system of the Antichrist that is allowed to rule over it, and in the end destroys it.

Trees went forth, in the emphatic sense in the Hebrew, with great earnestness of purpose. (cf. Companion Bible n. to v. 8). The first is the olive, which represented Israel’s religious privileges and power (cf. Rom. 11 and Zechariah 4 re the olive trees). The Olive Trees are the power of witness of the nation of Israel. By the oil of its fatness, the nation honours God. In other words, the power of its witness was used to glorify God. But the spirit, who represented the trees, wanted it to participate in a false system of self-aggrandisement.

They asked the fig tree, which was the symbol of Israel’s national privileges (Mat. 21:19-20; Mk. 11:13, 20, 21; Lk. 13:6-9). This was its birthright promise. The fig held to its birthright under temptation of the host, who wanted to tempt it to defeat its birthright promise.

The vine was Israel’s spiritual privilege. For the vineyard of the Lord is the whole house of Israel (cf. Isaiah chap 5 and John chap 15). The word “leave” in v. 13 is “forsake” as in v. 11, and the concept is that of forsaking the power of the Holy Spirit through this temptation of the host and its false system. The wine here is “tirosh” or “new wine” which cheers both God and man. This is the wine of the Lord’s Supper and the Passover of the saints of God.

The bramble is the false tree of the Antichrist system and the false system of worship, which devours Israel through the fallen host and the Babylonian Mystery and sun cults. This is seen as devouring the false nation under the Antichrist system. This also can be seen from the concept of the story of Gideon. Look at Gideon’s Force and the Last Days (No. 22).

In Judges 19 we read about a situation where a Levite has a concubine that has been gone 4 months and he goes after her to reconcile after she has been unfaithful. It is quite similar to the time of Lot. The woman is raped to death by the sons of Belial then her man dismembers her and distributes the 12 body parts into all the coasts of Israel. Is there some symbolism here for us today and why did they not hesitate to turn the women over to these men as Lot was also willing to give his daughters?

A: Yes, there are some striking parallels in this story. The tempting conclusion is that the symbolism of the Levite is Christ, as elohim of Israel. The concubine from Bethlehem-Judah (a Jewess of Messiah’s clan) who was unfaithful was Israel that was taken in and repented as the church. Bethlehem-Judah was also of the Gentiles in Tamar and Ruth.

There are two periods of four whole months, which are two lots of 120 prophetic days. This was allowed to happen so that the message to the tribes would be understood. The tribe of Benjamin was the youngest and the “son of the promise.” Saul was also from Gibeah. The tribe was almost wiped out and then was allowed to be rebuilt by the stealing of the daughters of the tribes.

The Church was abused and murdered by the sons of Israel. Israel decided to rebuke Benjamin, but lost 40,000 men in two days. But Benjamin was destroyed except for 600 who formed a nucleus of the new tribe. The real message is that Israel paid a price for the treatment of the Church and the sons of the promise were also wiped out and then had to be built up at the expense of all.

Gideon

Would you please explain if Gideon had 70 sons (Jdg. 8:30) or 72 because Abimelech and Jotham were his sons and not accounted for in the dead of Jdg. 9:5? What is the significance of these numbers and systems?

A: Yes, the seventy represent the elders of Israel and the council of the Church. The Sanhedrin were always referred to as the seventy, but were always understood as seventy plus two. They represented the Council of God and were understood as having the two. This was depicted by the seventy with Eldad and Medad outside the tabernacle under Moses. Moses and Aaron also depicted the positions of Christ and God over the seventy.

This position was also seen in the Sanhedrin at the time of Christ, where the Seventy were supervised by the High Priest and his deputy (Annas and Caiaphas at the time of Christ). This later became the Nasi or prince and the High priest. Luke 10:1,17 shows that the seventy were ordained by Christ and sent out but the text in the Greek reads “hebdomekonta”[duo] or seventy[two]. Gideon represents the story of the church in the last days. Look at the paper Gideon’s Force and the Last Days (No. 22).

Samson

Was Samson’s power really derived from his hair, or did he just think so? 

A: His hair was a symbol of the power of the Holy Spirit. Until the Messiah, the closest one could get to the elect was as a Nazirite under vow, and their hair was not cut.

Other than that, God conferred his power on individuals according to their selection as prophets or kings, such as David, or the elders of Israel, and the Judges. Now all men can approach God through Christ and be given the Holy Spirit. What they do with it determines their entry to the First Resurrection.

God also calls whom He chooses and predestines. These are the called and chosen of Romans 8:29-30 and they are thus justified and glorified. Many are called but few are chosen. Look at the paper Samson and the Judges (No. 73) for a fuller explanation of the operation of the Holy Spirit in the cycles and the explanation of some important parables.

Samson gave a riddle to thirty companions (Jdg. 14:12-14). Later Samson’s wife told them the answer, after which he got mad and went into town and slayed 30 men and took their festal garments and gave them to the companions. My question is this: Is there some kind of symbolism to this story?

A: The story points to the structure of the inner council of God and also to the salvation of the Gentiles. The council is comprised of seventy plus two. But the inner council is comprised of twenty-four divisional commanders or elders allotted to the four covering cherubim, in divisions and structures of two to a unit of twelve as were the high priests symbolising them; and then into quadrants of six in three units as were the tribes of Israel divided into quadrants of three making up twelve tribes (see Num. 10).

The Lamb and the Ancient of Days make up the inner throne council of the thirty. Satan was also removed from this council and will be replaced. The thirty garments are representative of the allocation of the Holy Spirit in power and the opportunity of salvation going to the Gentiles. If they had gone to God, He would have told them that out of the dead carcasses of the lion came the fruit or honey of the Holy Spirit.

The word “Essene” means “Bees” and this was the ancient religion of Assyria right up until the time of Christ, and was seen in the Celibate priests of the Baal-Easter system. Instead they ploughed with Samson’s heifer and he killed them and took the garments they already had. This was a warning to the demonic host as well. Look at the paper Samson and the Judges (No. 73); The Judgment of the Demons (No. 80); David and Goliath (No. 126) and The Pinata (No. 276).

Ruth

In the book of Ruth, Boaz represents Christ and Ruth the Church. Who does Ruth’s kinsman, who does not fulfil his obligation to marry her, represent? Is it Satan or someone or something else? 

A: It is symbolic of Levi and Judah as a whole who failed the Gentiles because of their xenophobia, and also of Satan and the fallen Host who were given the responsibility for the Gentiles but failed to take them into the Kingdom of God as brides.

The elder kinsman is both Levi and Judah, and the Anointed Covering Cherub that was Lucifer. Look at the paper Ruth (No. 27) and also look at Lucifer: Light Bearer and Morning Star (No. 223) and Lost Sheep and The Prodigal Son (No. 199).

1Samuel

Would you comment on 1Samuel 6. Once again I noticed it contained the number 5. How did the Philistines have a concept of the guilt offering? Is there any significance regarding the cities and their religions? Also was the ark returned around Pentecost since they were harvesting wheat?

A: In this text in 1Samuel 6 we see the Ark receives its own divine title as “The Ark of Yahovah.” The Law was placed within the Ark, as the Law proceeded from Yahovah of Hosts to the entire Host through the Holy Spirit.

The Ark was captured after the Feasts of the Seventh month and was with the Philistines for seven months. The symbolism is this. Israel was to live by the law of God and protect the Law as Holy, Perfect, Righteous and Good Truth, which thing also is God.

The Ark was given to the Gentiles and they had it but did not live according to the laws of God and so the curses or the plagues of Egypt came upon them. In this way, they attracted the emerods and the mice, which were the plagues of Egypt. They got piles, in other words, and no doubt boils and other things, as well as the mice plague.

However, we know that the five cities of the Lords of the Philistines were all struck by the plagues and they were given until the Passover, and then the second Passover experienced during the Omer count and the fifty days to Pentecost, which is the Wheat Harvest.

So, the Philistines were given a chance at salvation. They were given the five months of grace, from the Last Great Day to the Preparation for the Sanctification of the Temple and the Passover, which they did not observe and so they were under judgment and the curses of Deuteronomy 28 came on them being under judgment. Look at the paper The Blessings and the Curses (No. 75).

They did not repent and take the First Passover, and then failing that the second Passover, as is provided by Law. Look at the paper Law and the Fourth Commandment (No. 256). This was to look forward to the opportunity, which was to be given to the Gentiles for the Law of God to come upon them as the Philistines were given charge of the Ark.

The five Lords had as witness against them the two plagues, which they symbolised in their votive offerings of emerods (haemorrhoids) and mice. These five cities of the Philistines were similar to the five nations that were later given the area of Samaria and Galilee. The five are a symbol of grace. By grace God conferred salvation on the Gentiles.

The Philistines failed to live by the laws of God and so incurred the penalties. They had literally to give up the Law of God and the Ark, symbolising the Holy Spirit that proceeded from God. They had to hand it back to those whose right it was. In this way, any Gentile who comes into the Church and does not live by the commandments of God is removed and cannot enter the Kingdom of God. If they do not speak according to the Law and the Testimony (Prophets), there is no light in them (Isa 8:20).

The Holy Spirit gave command to the priests of the Philistines as it commanded Balaam. Look at the paper The Doctrine of Balaam and Balaam’s Prophecy (No. 204). The Philistines knew what the religion of Israel was and had observed it first hand for centuries.

The result was also to stand as a witness to Israel. They asked for a sign that they might tell that it was the God of Israel that smote them with the plagues. It was to have gone up by the way of the House of the Sun, which stood on the border of Judah and Dan.

This is another reprimand for Israel, as they have been backsliders into the worship of the sun cults and Baal-Easter for millennia. They will not learn, even to this very day, for they are a stubborn and rebellious people, the whole house of Israel.

The cart came into the field of Joshua, which is the name of the Messiah, and the cart was used as fuel and the oxen were offered up as a sacrifice to the Lord God in that place called the House of the Sun Beth-Shemesh.

The Ark was set down on the Great Stone of Abel at Beth Shemesh. This is a reference to the Church that was begun with Adam, and the first sacrifices that were accepted as those of righteous Abel. The Holy Spirit had been given to the patriarchs, and the Church had been founded on the Rock that was God with the Ark representing the Holy Spirit. On this stone God would build His church through the Holy Spirit and on the foundation of the apostles with the chief corner stone who was Joshua, the Messiah, the Son of God. Look at the papers The Ark of the Covenant (No. 196); Doctrine of Original Sin Part 2 The Generations of Adam (No. 248) and Joshua, the Messiah, the Son of God (No. 134).

When David slew Goliath we are told that he picked up 5 rocks from the stream, one of which killed Goliath (1Sam. 17:40). Do you think there’s any symbolism to there being 5 rocks and not say 4 or 6 or 7 rocks?

  1. Yes, there is a symbolism. The five rocks represent the five churches that make it into the Kingdom of God in Revelation, chapters 2 and 3. Two churches do not make it. These are Sardis and Laodicea, with only individuals of these organisations who triumph.

One of these churches is used by Messiah, here represented by David, to strike the giant of the world’s systems in the forehead, where is found the mark of its system. In the last days, truth and the well-aimed stone of David as the anointed King of Israel, who is yet to take up his crown, overcome this system. The symbolism of the religious structures of the world and the Philistine’s relationship to them is seen in the paper David and Goliath (No. 126).

What did King David achieve in his life? Why is his story important? How did God touch his life? 

A: David was chosen by God to be King of Israel, and David was given the Holy Spirit to achieve that end. He was also placed in various positions and tests to provide lessons for all of us, as to the conduct of a man after God’s own heart.

He was used to make all preparations for the Temple of God. David prepared and then Solomon built the Temple. This was to serve as an illustration of the lessons of creation and the Plan of Salvation. The story of his battle with Goliath and the theological significance of that event are covered in the paper David and Goliath (No. 126).

The place of David in the Plan of God will be dealt with in the paper Rule of the Kings Part II: David (No. 282B)His time in history and the entry into Jerusalem is discussed in the paper Outline Timetable of the Age (No. 272)He is to be the king of Israel under Messiah as elohim, as are the elect from Zechariah 12:8.

1Kings

In Exodus 20:3 God commanded us not to make any carved images of anything. When I was studying 1Kings 6, especially verse 23 and on I see that Solomon made 2 cherubim of olivewood and carved others. Why is this? Also what is the significance of the cherubim, palm trees and the open flowers that were carved?

A: The Second Commandment is read in two ways. One is that no image of anything is to be made at all. The second way is that no image on anything that is to be worshipped is to be made. It is “thou shalt not bow down to it or worship it” that is conditional to the making of the image itself.

This is obviously the meaning, otherwise the instructions for the building of the Ark of the Covenant were in direct contradiction to the Second Commandment and Solomon’s actions here, and in the subsequent temple, are all in breach of the Commandment. So too, we see Ezekiel’s Temple is in breach of the Law.

Israel never worshipped any graven image or object, and the cherubim were no exception. It is from Ezekiel that we see the identity and purpose of the anointed Covering Cherubim. There were four of them. They are represented as the Bull-headed, Lion-headed, Eagle-headed, and Man-headed cherubim. They surround the throne of God. Look at the papers The Meaning of Ezekiel’s Vision (No. 108); The Government of God (No. 174) and Pentecost at Sinai (No. 115).

2Kings

From 2Kings chapter 2 is there any significance to the fact that just before Elijah gave his mantle to Elisha and was taken by God, that they went from Gilgal to Bethel, to Jericho, and finally to Jordan, each time Elijah telling Elisha to wait for him?

A: The Gilgal here is not the well known Gilgal near Jericho, but the one between Tibneh and Shiloh (cf. 4:38). In this case, it was a circle. The instructions were a test for devotion and the passage of the power. He had been foreordained, from his anointing, to follow Elijah and to slay those that Jehu did not slay. His devotion shows his progression and identification, and then his receipt of power after the taking of Elijah in the chariot of God. At each point, Elisha was met by prophets and told that his master was to go that day. The effect of all this was to establish Elijah in the eyes of the prophets, and as the key prophet of God.

Would you please explain why 2Kings 25:8 and Jeremiah 52:12 both seem to be describing the same event but have different dates listed? The same question follows with Jehioachin’s release from prison in 2Kings 25:27 and Jer. 52:31.

A: The word in Kings is that he came “to” Jerusalem on the seventh day of the month. He set fire to the city. Jeremiah says he came “into” Jerusalem. This is a bit like the fall of Jerusalem to the Australians and British in December 1917. The attack went in on the seventh, and it was taken by the eighth, but Allenby did not enter until the Australians had secured it and the contingents were in place on the eleventh of the month. This aspect has been examined in the paper The Oracles of God (No. 184).

In the case of the release of Jehoiachin the order appears to have been given on the twenty-fifth day but not carried out until the twenty-seventh. The texts of 2Kings 25:27 in the Septuagint and the Syriac say “and brought him forth out of his prison”. The text in Jeremiah does not say that. Thus, we must deduce that he was ordered released and that he did not take his place at the king’s table for two days. This was probably to rehabilitate him.

Esther

Do you think Esther 9:13 is a prophecy of the 10 men being hung after the Nuremburg trials?

A: This is an interesting parallel but not necessarily prophecy. The Book of Esther is certainly not just a story about Judah 2,500 years ago. Haman was an Amalekite. Agag was killed by Samuel in front of Saul because Saul had let him live. That activity looked forward in prophecy.

The wars of the Amalekites look forward to the days of the end at the end of the forty Jubilees in the wilderness. They were carried out just before Israel went into the Promised Land. Israel was forty years in the Exodus and then fought the wars of the Amalekites. Israel was forty Jubilees in the wilderness and then fought the wars of the 20th century. The wars of the Fifth and Sixth Trumpets have still to be fought. Look at the papers The Seven Seals (No. 140) and The Seven Trumpets (No. 141).

Over that last period, from 1914 to the present, we have seen a drive for the defeat and extermination of Judah, and also of Israel. The Jews are not the Israelites. Judah is only one Tribe of Israel, and Levi is another while not all Levi is in Judah. The Holocaust was involved in the story of Esther and the hanging at Nuremburg was part of that story, but it has gone on for decades.

The Arab wars are also part of the process. Messiah will come to save those who eagerly await him. Judah will be converted in the last days at the very end. The explanation of the Story of Esther is in the paper Commentary on Esther (No. 63).

Job

Could you explain the significance of the fact that Job had 7 sons and three daughters? These numbers are repeated in that he had 7000 sheep and 3000 camels, 5000 oxen and 5000 she asses. These numbers must have important significance?

A: The round numbers 7, 3 and 5 are held to denote perfection and sufficiency according to Daath Mikra (cf. Soncino fn. to Job). This aspect also carried over into the function of the numbers in relation to the church. The seven spirits of God and the seven angels of the seven churches are accompanied by the three other candlesticks of Messiah and the two witnesses making the ten.

The seven churches have five only that are accounted worthy, and hence five is also the number of grace. The entire structure is one of plenty and sufficiency according to the purpose of God, yet these were allowed to be destroyed by Satan because they sinned. Look at the papers Symbolism of Numbers (No. 7) and Birthdays (No. 287).

The point is that of perfection removed through sin. Children are sanctified in their parents, but are killed through sin. God allows actions to be undertaken to test and deal with people in the faith. Job could not save his children because they were of age and they had taken up with a foreign religious system in the practices they were undertaking as Job knew, and hence the sacrifices.

This lesson is to the church and the nation. The nation is not protected in the birthright promises through idolatry. The Church is not protected in sin. Loss is made good also through faith and faithfulness. The break-up of the 5000 is through grace. The five and the five, wise and foolish virgins also are a consideration in the concept of the retention and loss of salvation.

Can you give me some insight on the book of Job? Was this Job also the Job mentioned in Genesis 46:13?

A: Yes, it is commonly accepted that Job is the son of Issachar mentioned in Genesis 46:13. It seems most probable that Job was in Midian and the friends seem to be Midianites. The work was most likely given to and written by Moses while he was in Midian, and formed the preparation for the Exodus and the writing of the Pentateuch. It may well have been the first book of the Bible written.

Psalms

Can you explain Psalm 82? Is the Psalm referring to the angelic host or the human elect?

A: The text refers to all the sons of God, both heavenly and human. He said he was a son of God and He quoted this Psalm in John 10:34-35 and said that Scripture cannot be broken. We are to all become elohim (cf. also Zech. 12:8). We are all to be sons of God and as elohim or gods. The text also speaks of the fallen host as judging unjustly (the poor here are the oppressed) as well because in 82:7 it says: “But you shall die like men and fall like one of the princes.” Thus, the unjust ones of the elohim are brought down to the pit and die like men and fall as any human prince. This theme is also taken up in Ezekiel 28 ff., and Isaiah 14.

In this text we are speaking of Messiah who stands as judge among the congregation of the elohim. 82:8 says, “Arise o elohim, judge thou the earth for thou shall inherit the nations.” This is Messiah, and the true version of Deuteronomy 32:8 (RSV) has Israel allotted to Yahovah as his inheritance when the nations were allotted to the sons of God. However, here all nations are part of the inheritance and so we see that all nations are to come into Israel and under Messiah. Thus, the entire host will come under Messiah as judge and king. Look also at the paper The City of God (No. 180).

Psalm 137 indicates that Israel’s captors required them to sing “one of the songs of Zion.” This seems like a strange request if you are conquering a people to ask them to remember their songs and the meanings of the song. Any ideas why this request of their captors?

A: The captives of Judah had been taken away, just as Israel had been taken away by the Assyrians under Shalmaneser in 722 BCE. The Babylonians were mocking them. The songs of Zion are the Psalms of the Lord. They were effectively saying, “Well, you were not protected by your God. Where is He now? Sing us a song to Him.” The purpose of captivity is to bring us to repentance and to a knowledge of the Lord God of Hosts. Each time we have fallen into the ways of the heathen we have been sent into captivity and that may well occur again very soon.

Proverbs

I have a question regarding the book of Proverbs, chapters 8 and 9. I’ve heard from people, that the wisdom in that book is Christ. Is that true? I always believed that it was talking about the Holy Spirit or one aspect of that Spirit. Some try to prove the eternal existence of Christ with that text. What is the correct answer? 

A: Wisdom is rendered here in the feminine and was understood as the “Sophia,” Greek for “wisdom.” The Holy Spirit is the function or power of God, which confers wisdom. Kings (and princes) reign in wisdom through it, as the text says in verses 15 and 16. The Lord possessed wisdom in the beginning, before His works of Old. The text says: “I was set up from everlasting from the beginning before ever the earth was.”

The Trinitarians cannot use this as a text for the co-eternality of Christ, as it clearly says that wisdom was set up from everlasting: from the beginning. Thus, wisdom is a creation of God, whether it was referring to Christ or the Holy Spirit.

The text that refers to Christ is in verse 30:

“Then I was by Him as one brought up with Him and I was daily His delight; Rejoicing always before Him. Rejoicing in the habitable parts of His world” (Heb: tebel ‘arez and tr. earth in the KJV: See Bullinger fn. to v. 31 Companion Bible).

Whosoever finds wisdom finds life and favour from the Lord. This is the Holy Spirit, which is being spoken of, as the cosmology of the Bible depends on this force of God tying all the sons of God together from their generation.

Thus, for Christ to be one with God, he needed the Holy Spirit to achieve that and thus, the Holy Spirit is logically prior to the unity of the Host. The fact that it was removed from the sons of God who rebelled reinforces that fact.

The comments in chapter 9 place wisdom as a female building her house. She has hewn out the seven pillars. She has killed her beasts, she has mingled her wine and she has sent forth her maidens. She is the Church. The Holy Spirit is the Church because without it, the Temple of God cannot exist. We are that Temple. We are the house of living stones that is the Temple of God. She is the bride of Christ. Her maidens are the elect of the marriage supper. The seven pillars are the angels of the Seven Churches and are the seven spirits of God.

One could say that the invitation to come eat my bread and the wine, which I have mingled, refers to Christ. But remember that John says clearly that Christ had to go to the Father who was his Father and our Father and his God and our God. When he returned to the Apostles he was able then to blow the spirit on them and say, “Receive the Holy Spirit” (Jn. 20:22). The text explains itself.

The Fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom, and the knowledge of the Holy Spirit is understanding. “For by me your days shall be multiplied and the years of your life shall be increased.” From Proverbs 9:13, we are given the example of the foolish woman, which is the false church under the false spirit set up by the fallen Host under Satan. It is referred to in the New Testament (cf. 1Tim 4:1-2).

There is no doubt we are speaking of two women here and one was with God from everlasting and is the woman that is the Church. The concepts are explained in the papers The Holy Spirit (No. 117); Consubstantial with the Father (No. 81)The Development of the Neo-Platonist Model (No. 17)How God Became a Family (No. 187) and The City of God (No. 180).

I once belonged to a church, which taught that the main message of Proverbs 31 is that women should be subservient to their husbands. While I do agree that the head of the woman is her husband, I am beginning to think that there is more to Proverbs 31. What would you say is the main message in that text? 

A: The king is Christ and the woman is the Church, and the Church is then comprised of men as heads of families, and women as the woman. The main message is that the church has to perform as a proverbs 31 woman at all times. The explanation of this text is given in the paper Proverbs 31 (No. 114). Too often the text is used by churches to silence women and deny their own responsibilities.

Ecclesiastes

Ecclesiastes 7:1 states “A good name is better than precious ointment; and the day of death than the day of one’s birth.” Could you explain why the day of death is better than the day of birth? This would seem to be the opposite of what most people would believe?

A: The celebration of birthdays is a pagan custom that came from the Babylonians. Look at the paper Birthdays (No. 287). The idea is carried on by the Satanists and the Stargazers, who use it as a fate determination and to elevate the individual above God and as a god. The Bible position forbids this view. Our destiny is to become sons of God. We await the resurrection of the dead so we can become sons of God in power through the Holy Spirit so God can become all in all (Eph. 4:6). Look at the papers The Soul (No. 92) and The Resurrection of the Dead (No. 143).

So, you’re saying that the day of one’s death is better than that of their birth because we are that much closer to the final destiny of mankind which is to be a son of God in power, as God becomes all in all? Interesting how Satan has deceived most of the world into celebrating their birthday while confusing them as to their destiny after the resurrection from the dead.

A: Yes, the Soul Doctrine and the invention of the great lies of Heaven and Hell are part of the deception of the false religious system he established.

PROPHETS

Isaiah

Does Pharaoh have symbolic meaning for the future exodus that is coming?

A: Sodom and Egypt are names for the nations under the demons. In this sense Pharaoh is a name for Satan, as is Tyre and Babylon. In the coming Exodus the demons under Satan will be bound. The Bible shows that Israel will march out of the north, hand in hand with Assyria, and a highway will be built from the north to Jerusalem and also from Egypt to Assyria (Isa 19:23). They shall all serve together, and Israel will be a third with them. They will all be blessed together by God and they will serve the Lord together from Jerusalem.

Isaiah walked naked and barefoot for three years as a sign to Egypt and Ethiopia that they would be taken captive, and the coast land would also be taken captive, naked and barefoot by the Assyrians (Isa. 20:3-6). In the final phase the breach will be healed and they will serve the Lord together at Jerusalem. Look at the paper Outline Timetable of the Age (No. 272)Trumpets (No. 136)The Day of the Lord and the Last Days (No. 192); The Seven Trumpets (No 141) and The Millennium and the Rapture (No. 95).

Who is being spoken of here in Isaiah?

Isaiah 65:1-6  I am sought of them that asked not for me; I am found of them that sought me not: I said, Behold me, behold me, unto a nation that was not called by my name. 2 I have spread out my hands all the day unto a rebellious people, which walketh in a way that was not good, after their own thoughts; 3 A people that provoketh me to anger continually to my face; that sacrificeth in gardens, and burneth incense upon altars of brick; 4 Which remain among the graves, and lodge in the monuments, which eat swine’s flesh, and broth of abominable things is in their vessels; 5 Which say, Stand by thyself, come not near to me; for I am holier than thou. These are a smoke in my nose, a fire that burneth all the day. 6 Behold, it is written before me: I will not keep silence, but will recompense, even recompense into their bosom,

A: There are two groups here. One group represents the gentiles of the church who seek God and obey His commandments. The other represents the nation of Israel, and those who associate themselves with it – those who know God but eat swine flesh and other abominations and burn incense on their hewn and constructed altars contrary to God’s Law.

These are the false priests of the false religious system who destroy the commandments of God and lead the people astray. They set themselves apart as holy from the people they lead. God says these people are an abomination in His sight, a smoke in His nostrils. To fully understand the ramifications of the text, you have to know where the ten tribes of Israel are found. Israel is not the Jewish people, but Judah is one of the twelve tribes of Israel. There are elements of Judah, which also fall into this self-righteous mentality. It stems from the Pharisees and entered rabbinical Judaism from that source.

The movement of the Tribes and their location is discussed in the paper The Unitarian/Trinitarian Wars (No. 268)The identity of these false priests and what happens to them is also discussed in the paper The Messages of Revelation 14 (No. 270).

Isaiah 26:14; 43:17 and Jeremiah 51:57 are used by some to claim that there are many that will not be awakened from the dead. To whom are these verses referring? Was it from a certain time frame only?

A: The text in Isaiah 26:13-14 refers to the Rephaim, who have no resurrection. They are the Nephilim of Genesis 6:4. Their identities are examined in the paper The Nephilim (No. 154). Jeremiah 51:57 refers to the fall of Babylon and the death of the host who are with them. This is not the same as the Rephaim in Isaiah. These people are put to sleep and are dead. However, the matters are examined in the papers The Judgment of the Demons (No. 80) and The Resurrection of the Dead (No. 143).

What is meant by purifying themselves in the gardens behind one tree? Why the reference again to eating swine flesh? What’s the significance of the mouse? (Isa 66:17)

A: The structure of the Mystery cults was around the Asherah, which was often an oak tree. Isaiah 1:29 commences this sequence and we see it in the texts in 57:5; 65:3; and 66:17. It runs oaks, gardens, oak, garden in the sequence. These are the places of worship in the Mystery cults. The oak leaf is also condemned in 1:30. The Asherah was a phallus and it was often used with a phallic implement.

The cutting of mistletoe and the other items associated with the solstice are part of this festival. It is the basis of Christmas and Easter. In the depictions of the mystery cults in the Roman frescoes there was also a kid. This appears to be the origin of the Bible prohibition of the kid seethed in the milk of its mother. A phallic implement was also depicted and that is why the mysteries were also popular with the women. The fertility rites associated with these systems came in as the Christmas and Janus festivals. They then went on through the Carnival and Shrove to Ash Wednesday, and then Lent, and on into the Easter festivities. None of it is Christian, and that is what God is condemning here. Look at the paper The Origins of Christmas and Easter (No. 235).

The mouse is ‘akbar (SHD 5909 pr. ‘akbawr) as attacking and hence a mouse as nibbling. There are twenty-three members of the family Muridae in Palestine, and we are unsure of the exact species. There was a cultic practice of sacrificing and eating field mice, and Maimonedes preserves the tradition that it was carried out by the Harranians. Haran was the centre of the Babylonian Moon cult from 2000 BCE, and hence the centre of the mystery cults. It was a centre of Lunar paganism down until Christian Times. (cf. Interpreter’s Dictionary of the Bible, vol. 2, p. 524). They worshipped the Moon God, Sin, and the Triune system of the Mother goddess, and the Easter and sun system. This same system penetrated Christianity. Look also at the paper The Golden Calf (No. 222).

The real problem is that Israel will not repent of this evil. The English speaking people, and the European Aryans, are wedded to their iniquity and to these pagan festivals.

The entire civil calendar of the USA is based on the pagan days of Human Sacrifice. It is impossible for it to be a coincidence. The administration has to be influenced by paganism and witchcraft at their decision making levels. God will deal with these people very soon.

Jeremiah

Jeremiah 4:15ff. seems to infer a prophet in the end times warning the nations and condemning false religions etc. How will we know when this prophet is among us? Is there a time sequence for this prophet?

A: The text refers to the voice from Dan that publishes affliction from the mountains of Ephraim. Warn the nations that “He” is coming and beseigers or watchers come from a distant land. The term in this text is not the same as the Watchers elsewhere and thus may not refer to the heavenly host.

The text is corrupted in some Bibles because of its implications. The fact of the voice does not mean it is a single prophet but rather it is a warning issued in the last days concerning the coming of the Messiah and may be a work of many people of the church. It is however a specific warning. The question has been examined in the paper The Warning of the Last Days (No. 44).

Ezekiel

Ezekiel 46:20 seems to say that animal sacrifices will be performed again in the Kingdom? Could this be possible?

A: Yes, it does and they will be performed. The killing of animals will be for the festivals and systems of worship on the Sabbaths and New Moons. Zechariah 14:16-21 shows clearly also that there will be meat killed and eaten in Jerusalem and the pots shall be holy to the Lord. Look at the papers: The Millennium and the Rapture (No. 95); Vegetarianism and the Bible (No. 183); God’s Calendar (No. 156) and Law and the Fourth Commandment (No. 256).

 

We read in Ezekiel chapter 26 about the destruction of Tyre by Nebuchadnezzar. In verse 21 it says that Tyre shall be no more and never found again. Yet, in Matthew 15:21, we find Jesus going to Tyre. How can this be?

A: Tyre was taken by Nebuchadnezzar after a thirteen year siege (Isa. 23:1; Josephus. A of J, x, 11, 1; Contr. Apion, i, 20). The prophecy began to be fulfilled then. The prophecy covers a period of time and deals with it as a declaration.

The fate of Sidon was different. Tyre was destroyed and was a promontory in the sea and she was made as a bare rock. The garrisons or pillars are visible even today in the sea. The area was known at the time of Christ and the text of which you speak says he went into the parts or regions of Tyre and Sidon. It is rendered “coasts” in the KJV. The text in Ezekiel is concerned with the fallen host as well, and Tyre typifies Satan and we see that develop over the texts in Ezekiel 28. The text in chapter 29 then goes on to deal with Egypt and its fall. See the paper The Fall of Egypt The Prophecy of Pharaoh’s Broken Arms (No. 36).

Is there a reason in Ezekial’s Temple that there are carvings of a young lion’s face toward a palm tree and a man’s face toward the palm tree on the other side? 

A: Yes, there is a reason. The lion-headed and man-headed beings are the two living creatures around the throne of God. The palm tree represents Messiah, who was the tree Moses used to cleanse the waters at Meribah on the way to Sinai. In other words, we could not take of the Holy Spirit without Messiah.

The rebellion involved a third of the Host, but one area is only a quadrant thus, there had to be two quadrants involved in the rebellion. These are the manheaded and aeon systems. These two beings are to be replaced and the elohim, with Messiah, are listed in the Bible. They are Moses (Ex 7:1) and Abraham. The text that makes Abraham an elohim has been mistranslated so it is impossible to find except in the original Hebrew. Look at the papers The Government of God (No. 174)How God Became a Family (No. 187) and The Covenant of God (No. 152).

Most of the people that have entered Israel since the war do not keep God’s Law. How do you understand the following scripture?

Ezekiel 20:37-38  “I will make you pass under the rod, and I will let you go in by number. 38 I will purge out the rebels from among you, and those who transgress against me; I will bring them out of the land where they sojourn, but they shall not enter the land of Israel. Then you will know that I am the LORD.” (RSV)

A: The Jews are only a part of Israel. There are nations of the ten tribes still out there who are greater and mightier than the Jews. In the last days there will be a second Exodus. This Exodus will make the first one pale into insignificance. It is mentioned in Isaiah (66:18-23).

This period sees the First Resurrection and then the breaking of the nations at Armageddon. After that event, the nations will be required to give up their Israelites from among them and they will be returned under the rod, as was Israel in the first Exodus.

Some that have already returned will be sent away into captivity. These rebellious will also die in the wilderness. The only people who will return will be those who keep God’s Law either physically or spiritually. All others will be allowed to die in the wilderness. Each will pass under the rod of judgment.

Those nations, which do not obey and send their representatives to Jerusalem each year at the feast of Tabernacles, will be given no rain in due season. Those that attempt to get around the law by irrigation, such as in Egypt, will be destroyed by plagues (Zech. 14:16-19). Eventually everyone will keep the Commandments of God and the Feasts, New Moons and Sabbaths.

The people who argue that the Law was nailed to the “stauros” in Colossians 2:14 will simply die. There will be no further discussion. That is Scripture, and Scripture cannot be broken. Look also at the papers Measuring the Temple (No. 137) and Law and the Fourth Commandment (No. 256).

Daniel

Could you explain to me Daniel 7:23-27?

A: The fourth kingdom is the “legs of iron” of chapter 2. This empire was the Roman Empire. It followed the gold of Babylon and the silver of the Medes and Persians and the brass of the Greeks and the Hellenised system. It went on into the feet of iron and clay.

The feet referred to the Holy Roman Empire formed in 590 CE and which lasted until the revolutions in 1848 ending in 1850 and being confined in 1870. The ten kings did arise and form part of this system. They persecuted the saints over the 1260 years of the empire. They first subdued the ten tribes by intrigue and treason after the fall of the Parthian Empire and the move into Europe (see the paper The Unitarian/Trinitarian Wars (No. 268)).

The feet also had ten toes, which formed the structure of the Alcvin twins or the “Thing” of Europe: The Parliament of the Aryans. In the last days this union forms a beast. This entire structure is the system of Antichrist, yet it claims for itself the power of God and uses that charge against others. This system wore out the Saints of the Most High over the 1,260 years, and in the 20th century from WWI and the Holocaust to the end of WWII and the death of Stalin.

The system changed times and laws for its followers. The “three and a half times” of the 1,260 years is the same time as that in Revelation 12. The Church is pursued by the dragon, which tries to kill the seed of the woman. But the earth helped her and swallowed the Church so that it could not be identified and destroyed by this false religious system and the power of the dragon.

This system will establish a final empire for one hour, which will rule the world and then disaster will descend upon it. The kingdom will be given to the Saints in the final wars of the end. Soon Christ will come to save those who eagerly await him.

In Daniel 12:1-2 God tells us of a time when Michael stands up and there shall be a time of trouble unlike ever before. Then the Bible says: ‘at that time many that sleep in the dust of the earth will awake, some to everlasting life and some to everlasting contempt’. Which resurrection is this and what exactly does it mean to be raised to “everlasting contempt”?

A: This period is referring to the Day of the Lord and to the entire structure of the resurrection. The concept here of everlasting life means the restoration to the spiritual fold as sons of God. The words “everlasting” here are “owlam” (SHD 5769) meaning time out of mind or to the vanishing point from the concept of concealed.

The Hebrew word rendered “contempt” is actually two words, neither of which is confined to what we understand as contempt. The first one is SHD 2781 “cherpah,” meaning reproaches or shame. The second is “dera’own,” (SHD 1860)  meaning abhorring, and in this sense it is contempt.

The view is that individuals will face judgment. The shame and abhorrence one feels when sin is made known is a very serious matter. We are healed by grace and the love of God. That does not mean we do not face shame for what we have done ourselves, and many will endure that knowledge as spirit beings and know that other spirit beings also know their sin.

That is why forgiveness is so central to the love of God. If we cannot forgive others, how can we expect forgiveness and, most importantly, how can we deal with shame that comes from perfect knowledge as a spirit being? The details of these processes are explained in the papers: The Soul (No. 92); The Resurrection of the Dead (No. 143) and The City of God (No. 180).

In Daniel 2:43 there is a statement about the toes of the image that says that “they shall mingle themselves with the seed of men: but they shall not cleave one to another, even as iron is not mixed with clay.” My question is who are the “they” being spoken of here, and what is meant by not mingling themselves with the seed of men?

A: These ten kings are also spiritual powers as the sons of God from Deuteronomy 32:8 who were allocated the nations according to the number of the sons of God. There were two cherubim, Satan and the Aeon and ten others making the inner twelve elohim of the fallen host. This was then also extended to seventy in the original.

This is a reason why Deuteronomy 32:8 was changed after the fall of the temple and the Jewish Hebrew MT is incorrect. One of the few Bibles that has it right is the RSV. Another is the Roman Catholic New American Bible. Thus, the government is that of the Antichrist over the entire period of its existence. It is the image of the beast of the Holy Roman Empire and then the union of Europe in the last days. This union is given dominion over the whole world and Christ returns to destroy it.

The demons are not allowed to mingle with the seed of men as they did prior to the flood. That happens within the Sign of Jonah and the fortieth Jubilee. “Their days” means the end of the time of the fifth and sixth power. Look at the paper Outline Timetable of the Age (No. 272).

Daniel 7:9-10 seems to refer to fire being at the throne of God. What is the symbolism of fire? There are so many items that come to mind: the burning bush, pillar of fire, walking on coals of fire, etc.

A: The fire is the spiritual power that issues from the Throne of God. As the Ancient of Days, He dwells in unapproachable light. No man has ever seen him, or can see Him. He alone is immortal (1Tim. 6:16). It is in this aspect, as the One True God and Creator, that He is seen as Judge of the Universe. He has given this power to Christ in judgment.

Fire is used to portray the spirits, and power of God, and also the demons that fell from grace before this throne. That is why the flame is so important in demonology, especially in the seats of its power, for example at Rome in the Temple of Vesta and among the curia.

In the book of Daniel, we read of the three friends of Daniel being thrown into the oven. Is there some kind of symbolism here, and if so what is it? Also, why three men and not say seven, or twelve?

A: The three friends were chosen with Daniel to show the captivity of Israel and its deliverance under persecution.

The Triune system is represented also in these three. They were taken by Babylon and given names of the Babylonian system and these three represent in their own way the elect called out under God’s protection. The Son of Man was sent to protect them. As Christ walks with these three in the furnace he walks with us now. The heat of the furnace has been raised and as it killed the guards there so it will kill the system in the last days.

There are so many references to lions in scripture. Do you have any idea why Daniel was thrown into a lion’s den versus some other kind of animal or other test?

A: Lions were the largest predators available to them in Mesopotamia. They used them for disciplinary reasons as far down as the Roman Empire. They did not feed them well so that they would tear their victims to death and eat them.

Many of God’s people were tested in this way and were torn apart by wild animals. Daniel had no way of knowing if God would protect him or not. The same was true in the furnace of fire. They said, “We do not know if God will save us or not, but we will not worship you.” In this case, the king pronounced his own judgment as he said, “Your God whom you continually serve, He will deliver you.” In this case, God did this as an example to the king.

The king was caught in his own laws. His decree could not be altered even though he knew he had been tricked into the plan to kill Daniel. The fact that King Astyages spent the night fasting for Daniel showed his respect, and God heard the prayers of the king. The people who sought to kill Daniel set the test.

The Bible position is this: “He who digs a pit for another, falls into it himself and catches himself in his own snare getting out” (Prov 26:27). These people were then killed and eaten by the same lions they sought to use to kill Daniel, as were their wives and children. This is a powerful lesson on the laws of God (see The Law of God (No. L1)).

Hosea

What is the meaning of the Door of Hope and valley of Achor in Hosea 2:15? 

A: “Achor” means, “trouble.” The Door of Hope is Christ who is the door of salvation. The valley of trouble becomes the door of hope. This text must be compared with Joshua 7:24-26. Israel was burdened through the idolatry of some among it and one, Achan was stoned to death. The Lord’s wrath was stilled in that day and the valley of Achor also became a valley of hope to those who trusted in God through the Messiah. Look also at the paper The Fall of Jericho (No. 142).

Hosea takes the story of Joshua onward to the end days, and the idolatry that has permeated Israel through the Baal-Easter system will be removed. Israel shall be restored and they will call Yahovah, “Ishi” and “Baali” no more. For He will remove the names of these idolatrous gods from among us.

Joel

Could you explain Joel 2:23 for me? Some Bibles translate “early rain” as “teacher of righteousness”. Does this refer to Jesus and/or someone else?

A: Joel 2:23 is a prophecy that concerns Messiah and the Holy Spirit. The rainfall system in Israel was sparse and they were placed there in Canaan so that they were in direct relationship with God. The blessing of the rain was indicative of that relationship. That was in direct contrast to Egypt that relied on flood irrigation. The crops of Barley and wheat are reliant on the rains to develop their root system and then to branch correctly. The latter rain is necessary to fill out the corn for harvest. But it must not be too late other wise the crop is blackened.

Thus, the latter rain falls early in the first month to enable the Wave Sheaf and the subsequent harvest to be fully developed. Christ was the Passover lamb, but He was also the Wave Sheaf offering at 9 a.m. on the Sunday Morning. This also began the count to Pentecost of fifty days occurring on the Sunday at 9 a.m. fifty days later.

When Christ was presented as the Wave Sheaf, on the Sunday morning after the resurrection the previous evening (see John 20:17), He told Mary Magdalene to go and tell the disciples that he was going to His Father and their Father, and His God and their God.

Later that same day before dark, He returned and spoke to the disciples and breathed on them the Holy Spirit. This was the sign that He had returned with the rain of the Holy Spirit. Now this latter rain aspect has a twofold meaning. He was the Messiah of two advents. This was the former rain of the planting as well as the Passover of the harvest. The Omer count had begun to the wheat harvest, which harvest we are.

The latter rain will come with the Restoration of all things spoken of by Malachi. That process is commencing to be implemented now. In a few years, the witnesses will be with us and then the nexus of the law will be restored. Then the Messiah will come. Thus the latter rain is the final pouring out of the Holy Spirit on all mankind. It will take a lot of hard knocks to get there however, as most of humanity seems dedicated to destroying itself and ignoring God.

Micah

What is the meaning of: I set before you Moses, Aaron, Miriam? What symbolism do these individuals have when we read scripture? (Mic. 6:4)

A: Moses, Aaron and Miriam were sent before Israel when they were brought up out of the land of Egypt. The symbolism here in Micah 6:4 is that The Lord is expressing His controversy with Israel. He asks where has He wearied Israel? What has He done to us? He asks us to testify against Him. He brought us out of Egypt and He gave us leaders, priests, and prophets as represented by these three. He does nothing except that he warns His people through His servants the prophets first.

He reminds Israel of what the Moabites under Balak wanted to do and how they wanted to use Balaam, son of Beor. However, God was righteous. He also says that He requires us to do justly, to love mercy, and to walk humbly with our God. The rich among us use wrong measures and rob from the poor. The rich are full of violence and the inhabitants of our cities speak lies and are full of deceit.

He will smite Israel for the statues of Omri and all the works of the house of Ahab who served Baal-Easter. For this He will make us a desolation and a reproach. Israel still worships the Easter goddess to this very day. They are filled with the servants of Baal-Easter and the Khemarim, or black cassocked priests, who worship the sun cults and Easter. Their laws are not based on the law of God and they are changing them daily to this false European system. The inhabitants of the city are being spoken to in rebuke.

Chapter 5 speaks of the Messiah and His establishment of Israel. Chapter 6 deals with his rebuke of Israel. In this entire process, we see a span of 2000 years or forty jubilees. Messiah came, and Judah was given 40 years to repent but did not, and they were destroyed. The church was sent into the wilderness for forty jubilees, and a new order of Melchisedek was established. Messiah was at its head. In this period of time, Israel was given its birthright and will be brought to subjection before its God, and then the nations will be brought into it.

This period is covered in the paper Outline Timetable of the Age (No. 272)The papers Measuring the Temple (No. 137) and The Messages of Revelation 14 (No. 270) are also important to understanding what is happening.

Would you please explain the meaning of Micah 5:5. Who are the 7 shepherds and 8 leaders of men?

A: Micah 5:2-3 refers to Messiah and the meaning of that text is covered in the paper Micah 5:2-3 (No. 121)The text in Micah 5:5 refers to the invasion of the nation of Israel in the last days by Assyria.  Isaiah 5:3 refers to the Church, which Christ has given up to the world until she has brought forth those of the elect who were predestined. Then, the remnant of Christ’s brethren shall be returned unto the children of Israel, which is also the Church.

At that time of the end, there will be a great tribulation and Messiah shall return to save those who eagerly await him. He shall stand in Israel as the great shepherd of Israel. The term feed means to tend as the flock.

Compare the following verses with this verse. Psalm 80:1; Jeremiah 31:10; Ezekiel 34:23; and importantly Genesis 49:24. He shall be great refers also to Psalm. 22:27; 72:8; 98:1; Isaiah 49:5,7; 52:13; Zechariah 9:10. The Hebrew regarding the Assyrian is emphatic. The terms regarding “When he shall tread in our palaces” can be compared with Isaiah 7:20; 8:7-10; 37:31-36;

The sequence as to what follows can also be compared with Isaiah 44:28; 59:19; Zechariah 1:18-21; 9:13; 10:3; 12:6. In the last days, the Israelite nations will be so weakened by treason from within and apostasy, that the Assyrian people will enter Israel. They will then turn to Messiah in repentance.

In the sequence that follows, there will be raised seven shepherds and eight principal men. This sequence is yet to be fulfilled. The concept of seven shepherds is akin to the seven angels of the seven churches. The eight principal men are akin to the judges in Israel as war leaders. The exact nature of this prophecy has not yet been revealed.

The time frame would indicate that this will occur probably in the next ten years. Seven nations under Ephraim will be galvanised with the eighth of Manasseh. The European system will again commence the war — WWIII. This time the English-speaking people will be destroyed by treason from within, through the agency of this European system. They will fight on their own soil for their very survival.

Messiah will return and the nations will be brought to repentance through their own almost total annihilation. Zechariah 2:8-13 shows that Yahovah of Hosts sends Yahovah to Jerusalem in the last days, and Messiah shall stand there to protect it. Judah will be restored in the last days, as will Jerusalem.

Isaiah shows that after this, Assyria and Israel will come hand in hand out of the north. In other words, Assyria will be brought to repentance as well. Have a look at the process in the papers Measuring the Temple (No. 137) and Outline Timetable of the Age (No. 272).

The text in Micah 5:7-8 shows that the remnant of Jacob shall be mighty as a young lion among the Gentiles at that time. There is a distinction between the land of Assyria and the Land of Nimrod in this text (cf. Gen. 10:8-10). The entrances mean the passes of the land of Nimrod.

In other words, we will be cleaned of apostasy and weakness through our tribulation and the saving strength of Messiah. In the last days, we will have gone through the process of weakening and strengthening. Manasseh fed of Ephraim, and now Ephraim must feed of Manasseh, but at the end time both will feed of Judah under Messiah.

Zechariah

When do you think this prophecy of Zechariah 14 will come to pass?

Zechariah 14:16-19  And it shall come to pass, that every one that is left of all the nations which came against Jerusalem shall even go up from year to year to worship the King, the LORD of hosts, and to keep the feast of tabernacles.17 And it shall be, that whoso will not come up of all the families of the earth unto Jerusalem to worship the King, the LORD of hosts, even upon them shall be no rain. 18 And if the family of Egypt go not up, and come not, that have no rain; there shall be the plague, wherewith the LORD will smite the heathen that come not up to keep the feast of tabernacles.19 This shall be the punishment of Egypt, and the punishment of all nations that come not up to keep the feast of tabernacles.

A: After the return of the Messiah, the armies of the nations will be brought down to Armageddon and subjugated. Then the Second Great Exodus will occur. The system of the millennial structure will be set up at Jerusalem and the Law of God will emanate from there. All nations will be required to keep the Holy Days of the Bible (cf. Isa. 66:23) and send their representatives to Jerusalem for the Feast of Tabernacles and especially for the Reading of the Law in the seventh year. If they do not go up to Jerusalem every year, that nation will receive no rain and suffer the plagues of Egypt. This will take effect from the 121st Jubilee, which is the 41st since Messiah, and the 50th since the Restoration under Ezra and Nehemiah and the issue of what became the finalisation of the canon of Scripture, which we term the Old Testament. Look at the papers Outline Timetable of the Age (No. 272and Reading the Law with Ezra and Nehemiah (No. 250). This is Scripture and Scripture cannot be broken. The cosmology of the Roman Catholic Church is borrowed from the pagans and Gnostics and has completely negated the doctrines of the original Church through their introduced traditions.

God’s Calendar

In some literature, there is reference to blowing a trumpet on the full moon. In searching the Strong’s Concordance, I cannot find the term “Full Moon” mentioned even one time. Do we ever need to determine when the full moon happens?

A: No, it is not mentioned but some try to make Psalm 81:3 say “full moon” when it is the “new moon” of Abib or the new year in Abib or Nisan that is meant as the solemn New Year feast of the First Moon. It is a New Moon. If the New Moon is correctly determined according to the conjunction, then the feasts will fall correctly anyway.

The Feasts are centred on and determined from the New Moons according to the conjunction. These aspects are discussed in the papers: The Moon and the New Year (No. 213) and God’s Calendar (No. 156)Some fall on the full moon but all are determined from the New Moon. The full moon has significance for paganism and non-biblical cults.

Due to the passage at Joshua 10:13 where it is said that the moon stood still for about a day, some have said that time has been lost and that we cannot determine the exact days that God set aside for worship. Does this fact cause any calendar concerns for us today?

A: There are a number of miracles in connection with the sun and the moon. 2Kings 20:11 and Isaiah 38:8 also show that the sun went backwards. Amos 8:9 says it went down at noon. Isaiah 60:20 mentions “no more going down.” It is darkened in Isaiah 13:10; Ezekiel 32:7; Joel 2:10:31; 3:15 and Matthew 24:29; Revelation 6:12; 8:12; 9:2; 16:8.

This miracle is to be performed again (Luke 23:44,45). Psalm 19:4-6 deals with the motion. The important thing to note is that at no time was it ever suggested by any of God prophets that the times had been lost or the days misplaced. The entire Temple period was regulated according to the Calendar and there was never any suggestion, from Joshua to the close of the Temple, that the Sabbath and other days had been misplaced. Christ was silent on the matter and kept the entire Temple calendar.

If a day had been lost, then He was presented as the Wave Sheaf on the wrong day and there are no firstfruits. There has never been any suggestion that the Sabbath is misplaced except for a few uninformed Protestants who try to make Sunday the Sabbath. An equally uninformed group in Islam are trying to make the sixth day of the week the Sabbath using exactly the same arguments as the Protestants do for Sunday.

You have commented on the number seven being significant. Is there any correlation of the 7 days of the week to God’s plan?

A: Yes, the number 7 is the symbol of perfect spiritual completion and it relates to the entire creation. The seven days of the week are also of that complete creation. The Seventh Day Sabbath is part of the Plan of God, as a perfect “Sabbaton” or week made complete by the reconciliation to God in the last day, which is the Sabbath. The Hebrews and Arabs always had the week ending on the Sabbath.

The seven-day week came into the Roman system from the Egyptians. The Babylonians began the corruption of the week with the seventh day being determined from the New Moon instead of being independent from it (cf. ERE, vol. 3, p. 63). Look also at the paper God’s Calendar (No. 156).

Jubilee

What is a Jubilee, and what if anything is its significance? 

A: The Jubilee is the key cycle of fifty years in the calendar and the Law of God. The Jubilee determines the cycles of the tithe and of land ownership and control. It ensures freedom from oppression and slavery.

The Jubilee is a cycle of fifty years with the Jubilee year as the fiftieth year, but starting in the forty-ninth year with Atonement and lasting until Atonement in the Fiftieth. The Jubilee is blown at Atonement. The Law is read in the seventh year of the cycle and also with the Jubilee when all lands are returned to the lines of owners in the tribes. From the day after the Last Great Day at the end of Tabernacles the lands are then worked. That is so the harvest is ready again for the barley harvest at Passover and the Wave Sheaf Ceremony in Unleavened Bread. Look at the papers Law and the Fourth Commandment (No. 256); God’s Calendar (No. 156); Reading the Law with Ezra and Nehemiah (No. 250) and Tithing (No. 161).

 

We’ve learned that there are 7-year time cycles similar to the 7-day week and that the 7th year of each cycle is like the 7th day Sabbath where there is a rest. Then after 7 of these cycles, or at 7 X 7 (49) there is a special rest year called a Jubilee. How is the Jubilee year counted then? It would not start the next cycle as year 1 would it?

A: The Jubilee is counted as an eighth year of the cycle. It runs from Atonement of the Sabbath year to Atonement of the Jubilee year unlike normal years. This is so the restoration of lands can be made and the new holders can commence ploughing and sowing for the harvest at the Passover of the next and first year of the new Sabbath and Jubilee cycle. The cycle of the Jubilee is covered in the papers: God’s Calendar (No. 156); Tithing (No. 161) and Law and the Fourth Commandment (No. 256).

The Jubilee seems to be “blown” on Atonement (Lev. 25:9) and I assume this is a special observance during that particular 8th year. If it actually begins with Atonement then into which year do the first 7 months fall that occur just after the last day of the previous 7th year? Is it an extension of the 7th year or is this space of time not counted at all until Atonement? Could it be that the Jubilee functions start at Atonement and then extend partly into this New First Year?

A: In the 48th year of the jubilee cycle, which is the Sixth year of the Seventh Sabbath cycle, God gives a treble harvest. The next year in which this occurs will be 2025. The Sabbath year of the cycle starts at 1 Abib, like all normal years. From Trumpets the reading of the law is prepared, as we saw in the restoration of Ezra and Nehemiah. The Jubilee year commences from Atonement in the Sabbath year and continues until Atonement in the Jubilee year. At Tabernacles of that Sabbath year, the Law is read and the Jubilee festivities and the rest accorded to the lands and trees occurs.

From the blowing of Atonement in the jubilee year, all lands revert to their owners. Only the houses in towns can be sold in perpetuity. After the Last Great Day following Tabernacles all the restoration is put in place. This is termed the eighth year for the purposes of calculation. This period of five months is used for ploughing and sowing so that the first harvest can occur in the month of Abib of the first year of the new cycle. Look at the papers: Tithing (No. 161)Law and the Fourth Commandment (No. 256); Reading the Law with Ezra and Nehemiah (No. 250) and God’s Calendar (No. 156).

In a previous question it was said the Jubilee year is from Atonement to the next Atonement or in the fall of the year. Stored crops are eaten and there is no planting or tithe paying. What happens to the next five months and are they in the 50th or the 1st year of the next cycle?

A: The Bible says that they were in the eighth year of the cycle, which is the Jubilee year. However, the actual Jubilee itself is blown from Atonement to Atonement, which is why there is a treble harvest year in the 48th year of the Jubilee cycle, to enable this extended period of rest. The preparation for the harvests must be undertaken after the Last Great Day of the Feast cycle in the Seventh month, and so that period is normal for agricultural purposes. The structure is examined in the papers Law and the Fourth Commandment (No. 256) and Tithing (No. 161).

When does the Jubilee end? Are there different jubilees for different kinds of people?

A: There is only one true jubilee–the jubilee of the Bible. It is fifty years in duration and consists of seven seven-year cycles with the fiftieth year as the jubilee. The jubilee is also called the Acceptable Year of the Lord and was declared by Christ in 27 CE, the year he was baptised by John. The determination of the jubilee year is made from a number of Bible references. Look at the paper Law and the Fourth Commandment (No. 256).

The jubilees occur in the years 27 and 77 of each century of the current era, and the years 24 and 74 BCE. The reading of the Law occurs at each Sabbath year and in each jubilee. The jubilee is declared or blown from Atonement of the Sabbath to Atonement of the Jubilee year. Look at the paper Reading the Law with Ezra and Nehemiah (No. 250).

In that year, all lands are to be restored and the jubilee acts as an eighth year of the cycle. From the end of the Last Great Day of the Feasts of Tabernacles, the lands are ploughed and sown for the Harvests of the next year in Abib and through to the Wheat Harvest at Pentecost.

New Years day begins on 1 Abib approximating March of the Pagan Roman Calendar. This is explained in the paper The Moon and the New Year (No. 213). The calendar is set by God from Creation and is essential for the correct system of worship. Look at God’s Calendar (No. 156)The year 2000 is an invention of man and is not a jubilee year. Look at the paper The Significance of the Year 2000 (No. 286).

Feasts

We are told to keep the holy days of YHVH-where He places His Name. In this world today with all the confusion in the churches how can we really know where He places His name for His feasts?

A: Finding a place where Yahovah has placed His name is the same commandment to discern the body of Christ for the Passover. We are all commanded to discern the body of Christ in order to take the Lord’s Supper and Passover sequence with that body. To do that we normally examine which church is faithfully adhering to the doctrines of the Original Church of God. In the past, that has been fairly easy as we have normally been underground and persecuted but faithful to the truth.

The Doctrine of the nature of God was readily understood, and Christ was understood to be the Great Angel of the Old Testament who gave the Law to Moses and was never confused with the One True God. This century the Hillel Calendar was introduced from Judaism in some branches, which has made it even more diverse.

The task is fairly simple on the face of it. You have to find the people on the planet doing what the Church has done for two thousand years; keeping the original Calendar with all the Sabbaths and Feasts (including the Wave Sheaf service and New Moons) and worshipping the one True God in the name of His Son, Jesus Christ.

Once you have found them, you have found the place where God has placed his hand and where Christ will be for the Feast. Nothing has changed — there are just more errors and confusion in the last days. The work by Samuel Kohn, Sabbatarians in Transylvania will show you what the church was doing at the Reformation in Europe. We are still doing the same thing.

If the men of Israel were to go to Judea at least 3 times a year, on Passover, Tabernacles, and First Fruits, and now Jesus is our Passover and Pentecost is our First Fruits, that leaves Tabernacles as the required Feast right? Why do we have a weekly Service to hear the word? What did the men of Israel do the rest of the year? We should only have to go to services 2 or 3 times a year.

A: The commanded assemblies of God are in Leviticus 23 and the New Moons in Numbers 10. The Sabbath is the first commanded assembly and feast of the Lord. Thus, it precedes the others and all the commanded assemblies of God flow from this text and the Fourth commandment. The New Testament church had to keep Pentecost at the right place and time together otherwise the Holy Spirit would not have come upon them. The weekly Sabbath was kept by the New Testament church; and so were the New Moons. They also kept Passover and Unleavened Bread, the Wave Sheaf, which is the first of the First Fruits, Pentecost, Trumpets, Atonement, Tabernacles and the Last Great Day. Acts shows they kept the feasts. Colossians 2:16 shows they kept the Sabbath, New Moons and Feasts and were not to let anyone judge them in how they kept them.

The Bible is quite clear, Christ will enforce the Sabbaths, New Moons and Feasts when He returns, and if you do not keep them you will die of starvation or the plagues of Egypt (Isa. 66:23; Zech. 14:16-19). The Witnesses will be the first to address this issue when they get here and Elijah restores the Nexus of the Law and restores all things. Then all debates are over.

What exactly is the ‘fat of the feast’ mentioned in Exodus 23:18?

A: The fat of the feast in this context is the same as that used for the command to eat the fat and drink the sweet in the Restoration of Ezra and Nehemiah (Neh. 8:10). It has nothing to do with the consumption of, or usage of animal fat. It is the concept of the fat and sweet of the feast being distributed, and the offerings taken as soon as the feast is commenced. Thus, the Levites and the poor can eat.

That is why there are only three offerings, one at the beginning of each feast season. The Second Tithe is also used for this activity as we see by Nehemiah’s command on the Day of Trumpets. The fat of the feast, the offerings, are not to remain until the morning. In other words, they are to be collected and used, being distributed to the poor so that they may also enjoy the feast in a timely manner.

Pentecost

What day is Pentecost?

Many Christian churches, that observe God’s holy days, calculate the day of Pentecost by counting fifty days from the day after the weekly Sabbath that falls within the days of Unleavened Bread. This is the Wave Sheaf Offering (Sunday) which commences the countdown to Pentecost (Lev 23:15-17).

The early church kept Pentecost on a Sunday. Only the Jews kept a Sivan 6 and only after the Temple was destroyed. See the paper The Wave Sheaf Offering (No. 106b).

What is the meaning of Shavuot?

A: Note: Shavuot = Feast of Weeks or Pentecost.

“Unlike all the other Holidays in the Tanach [Hebrew Scriptures], the Feast of Weeks is not given a fixed calendar date but instead we are commanded to celebrate it at the end of a 50-day period known as “The Counting of the Omer” (Shavuot being the 50th day). The commencement of this 50-day period is marked by the bringing of the Omer Offering in the Temple as we read, “And you shall count from the morrow after the Sabbath from the day you bring the Omer [Sheaf] of Waving; seven complete Sabbaths shall you count… until the morrow of the seventh Sabbath you will count fifty days… and you shall proclaim on this very day, it shall be a holy convocation for you ” (Lev 23,15-16.21).”

In late Second Temple times a debate arose between the Boethusians and the Pharisees about whether the “morrow after the Sabbath” [Heb. Mimohorat Ha-Shabbat] refers to the Sunday during Hag HaMatzot [Feast of Unleavened Bread] or the second day of Hag HaMatzot (i.e. the 16th of Nissan). Like the Boethusians and Ancient Israelites before them, the Karaites count the 50 days of the Omer from the Sunday during Hag HaMatzot [Unleavened Bread] and consequently always celebrate Shavuot on a Sunday.”

The quotation above is taken from the Karaite Jews:

www.karaite-korner.org/shavuot.shtml

The Karaite Jews follow the Judaism of the Sadducees. It doesn’t matter that Paul was a Pharisee; it was the Sadducees who were in control of the Temple. The explanation of the Karaites also follows the Church and the Ancient Temple system as well as the Samaritans.

Trumpets

I read the paper Trumpets (No. 136). I see that trumpets were blown at this commanded assembly. Were trumpets blown at other times as well?

A: Yes, they were. The trumpets were blown on New Moons and feasts in various forms. It is a good exercise to look up “trumpets” in Strongs and then look at when they were commanded. Also look at the papers God’s Calendar (No. 156); The Holy Days of God (No. 97) and The Moon and the New Year (No. 213).

Should the Feast of Trumpets be called the Feast of Shofar or Yom Teruah, Day of Blowing? Using The Interlinear Bible (Hebrew, Greek, English)

A: Leviticus 23:24 (Hebrew) In the month seventh, on the first of the month (2320) shall be to you a Sabbath (7677) (Sabbathown) reminder (2146) SIGNALLED (8643) a gathering (4744) holy (6944)

Leviticus 23:24 (English) In the seventh month, on the first of the month, you shall have a Sabbath, a Memorable Acclamation, a holy gathering.

Numbers 29:1(Hebrew) And in month the seventh, on the first of the month, a convocation holy shall be to you any work of service not shall you do; A DAY (yom) OF BLOWING (8643) [the trumpet] (included, but no Hebrew word or number for it) it shall be to you. 8643 Teruah (Teruwah) a type of blowing. 8643 comes from 7321, split the ear, blow an alarm, shout. Cry (alarm, aloud, out) destroy, make a joyful noise, smart, shout sound an alarm, triumph.

I am finding the use of the word Trumpet is mostly translated as Ram’s Horn in the Interlinear Bible…the shofar. Trumpets…. 2689 Shofar…7782. Is the Shofar as well as the Silver Trumpet to be blown? Is the blowing…..the sounding of the alarm to awaken us to the coming events of Atonement and Tabernacles?

A: Trumpets is a New Moon. The sound of the ram’s horn is heard by those keeping the New Moons. The Day of Trumpets is a traditional term applied to the festival. It is also a New Moon and so the double sacrifices were applied to this day and also the New Moon instruction. 3117 is prior to 8643 in Numbers 29:1 and Green translates this as “a day of blowing of the trumpets.” We say Day of Atonement or Yom Kippur but, as we are English speakers, we say Day of Atonement more often and it conveys meaning to us. The word “teruwah” means a “clamour” or “acclamation” or “battle cry” and especially of the clangour of trumpets as an alarm. The word carries with it the implicit meaning of raising an alarm as a battle sound of trumpets. The use of trumpets occurs elsewhere in Numbers.

In dealing with Trumpets we must always bear in mind that it is a double Holy Day and the New Moon activities are also carried out. Look at the papers God’s Calendar (No. 156); The New Moons (No. 125); The Holy Days of God (No. 97) and Trumpets (No. 136).

Many times I’ve heard of Trumpets or the beginning of the 7th month as being celebrated as the Jewish New Year. I am wondering if this could be true and whether the Jews have always had this for their New Year?

A: The Day of Trumpets has always been celebrated in the Temple Calendar, but it was not the New Year under the Temple system. According to the Mishnah, we see it intruding in as a New Year, beside the New Year of 1 Abib or the First Month. The festival of Rosh Hashanah, which modern Jews keep, did not enter Judaism until the Third century of the current era. Rabbi Samuel Kohn makes this comment as proof of Jewish influence on a Sabbatarian sect in Europe after the Reformation. This is contained in the work Sabbatarians in Transylvania, CCG Publishing, 1998 which is available from the CCG offices in USA and Australia.

The effect of the Hillel Calendar of 358 was calculated to enshrine the postponement system in the Jewish calendar. It effectively made the Babylonian New Year the means of determining the beginning of the year and effectively moved the New Year, and hence all the Holy Days, out by one or two days. Consequently, Judaism rarely keeps the true calendar. Look at the papers God’s Calendar (No. 156)The Moon and the New Year (No. 213) and The Calendar and the Moon: Postponements or Festivals? (No. 195).

Atonement

Since every word of God is given for a reason what is the meaning of the Day of Atonement from Leviticus 23:27 and following?

A: Atonement points toward the reconciliation of the Nation and the planet to God in Messiah. The Azazel goat, being placed in the wilderness, is the symbol of binding Satan for the millennial system. This aspect is covered in the paper Azazel and Atonement (No. 214). The High Priest firstly performs his duties in linen symbolising the priest Messiah of the First Advent. After the atonement is undertaken, the High Priest then changes into the royal garments of the High Priest symbolising the King Messiah at the return of the Messiah and in the Second Advent. Look also at the paper Atonement (No. 138).

It appears that Messiah paid the tribute tax on Atonement from this text (Ex 30:11-16). If that is correct is it because he kept the entire law, which required it to be paid even though he was to be the ransom, atonement, kaphar?

A: Yes, this was the didrachma or half shekel tax of Exodus 30:11-16. It is shown here that we are free but, so as not to cause offence and break the law before his death and atonement, the tax was collected in this way to show us that he paid it for us. This text shows we are forbidden to take up a collection on Atonement as it is an affront to the atoning sacrifice of Messiah. Only three offerings a year are authorised under the law.

Regarding Exodus 30:13 “This is what everyone who is numbered shall give: half a shekel according to the shekel of the sanctuary (the shekel is twenty gerahs), half a shekel as a contribution to the Lord.” Does this mean the person gave a full shekel and 1/2 shekel went to maintaining the sanctuary and the other 1/2 shekel was a heave offering to the Lord?

A: No, only one half shekel was given in this tax. It was reduced to a third of a shekel under the Babylonian captivity as the shekel then was thirty gerahs according to their system of weights and measures. This tax pointed towards the Salvation of Messiah who paid our tax for us as an atoning sacrifice. That is why it is forbidden to take up a collection on Atonement in any Church. It is a census tax under ancient Israel and hence, forbidden to Judah as well and it was paid by Christ and hence forbidden to Christians as well. The early Church kept this day as we see from Acts 27:9.